基本分类模型
K近邻分类器(KNN)
通过计算待分类数据点,与已有数据集中的所有数据点的距离。取距离最小的前 K 个点,根据“少数服从多数”的原则,将这个数据点划分为出现次数最多的那个类别。
决策树
一种树形结构的分类器,通过顺序询问分类点的属性决定分类点最终的类别。通常根据特征的信息增益或其他指标,构建一棵决策树。
在分类时,只需要按照决策树中的结点依次进行判断,即可得到样本所属类别。
决策树本质上是寻找一种对特征空间上的划分,旨在构建一个训练数据拟合的好,并且复杂度小的决策树。
朴素贝叶斯
朴素贝叶斯分类器是一个以贝叶斯定理为基础的多分类的分类器。
对于给定数据,首先基于特征的条件独立性假设,学习输入输出的联合概率分布,然后基于此模型,对给定的输入 x ,利用贝叶斯定理求出后验概率最大的输出 y。
朴素贝叶斯是典型的生成学习方法,由训练数据学习联合概率分布,后验概率分布
朴素贝叶斯一般在小规模数据上的表现很好,适合进行多分类任务。
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from sklearn.preprocessing import Imputer
from sklearn.cross_validation import train_test_split
from sklearn.metrics import classification_report
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
from sklearn.naive_bayes import GaussianNB
def load_datasets(feature_paths, label_paths):
feature = np.ndarray(shape=(0,41))
label = np.ndarray(shape=(0,1))
for file in feature_paths:
df = pd.read_table(file, delimiter=',', na_values='?', header=None)
imp = Imputer(missing_values='NaN', strategy='mean', axis=0)
imp.fit(df)
df = imp.transform(df)
feature = np.concatenate((feature, df))
for file in label_paths:
df = pd.read_table(file, header=None)
label = np.concatenate((label, df))
label = np.ravel(label)
return feature, label
if __name__ == '__main__':
''' 数据路径 '''
featurePaths = ['A/A.feature','B/B.feature','C/C.feature','D/D.feature','E/E.feature']
labelPaths = ['A/A.label','B/B.label','C/C.label','D/D.label','E/E.label']
''' 读入数据 '''
x_train,y_train = load_datasets(featurePaths[:4],labelPaths[:4])
x_test,y_test = load_datasets(featurePaths[4:],labelPaths[4:])
x_train, x_, y_train, y_ = train_test_split(x_train, y_train, test_size = 0.0)
print('Start training knn')
knn = KNeighborsClassifier().fit(x_train, y_train)
print('Training done')
answer_knn = knn.predict(x_test)
print('Prediction done')
print('Start training DT')
dt = DecisionTreeClassifier().fit(x_train, y_train)
print('Training done')
answer_dt = dt.predict(x_test)
print('Prediction done')
print('Start training Bayes')
gnb = GaussianNB().fit(x_train, y_train)
print('Training done')
answer_gnb = gnb.predict(x_test)
print('Prediction done')
print('\n\nThe classification report for knn:')
print(classification_report(y_test, answer_knn))
print('\n\nThe classification report for DT:')
print(classification_report(y_test, answer_dt))
print('\n\nThe classification report for Bayes:')
print(classification_report(y_test, answer_gnb)