Android开发基础（七）：数据存储

(个人经验，仅供参考，错误之处，敬请谅解)

数据存储

1. SharedPreferences存储(最方便的少量数据保存方式)

private void init() {
    SharedPreferences sp = getSharedPreferences("mypwd", MODE_PRIVATE);
    String name=sp.getString("name","");
    String pwd=sp.getString("pwd","");
    name_et.setText(name);
    pwd_et.setText(pwd);
}

private void setListeners() {
    button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
	    @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            String name=name_et.getText().toString();
            String pwd=pwd_et.getText().toString();
            if(name.equals("admin")&&pwd.equals("123")){
    	        Toast.makeText(SharedPreAty.this,"登录成功",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                //保存密码
                if(chk.isChecked()) {
        	        SharedPreferences sp = getSharedPreferences("mypwd", MODE_PRIVATE);
                    SharedPreferences.Editor editor = sp.edit();
                    editor.putString("name", name);
                    editor.putString("pwd", pwd);
                    editor.putBoolean("isRemember", true);
                    editor.commit();
                }
            }
        }
    });
}

2. 文件存储

  文件是一种基本的数据存储方式，适合于存储简单的文本或二进制数据。可将其存放在内部存储器或外部存储器（SD卡等）中。

//写内存文件
try{
	FileOutputStream fos=openFileOutput("myfile2.txt", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
    String str=input_et.getText().toString();
    fos.write(str.getBytes());
    fos.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
	e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}
//读内存文件
try {
    FileInputStream fin=openFileInput("myfile2.txt");
    byte[] buffer=new byte[fin.available()];
    fin.read(buffer);
    result_tv.setText(new String(buffer));
    fin.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
	e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

//写外部存储文件
try {
	File file=new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),"myfile3.txt");
    FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream(file);
    String str=input_et.getText().toString();
    fos.write(str.getBytes());
    fos.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}
//读外部存储文件
File file=new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),"myfile3.txt");
try {
	FileInputStream fin=new FileInputStream(file);
    byte[] buffer=new byte[fin.available()];
    fin.read(buffer);
    result_tv.setText(new String(buffer));
    fin.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

  在使用外部存储空间前，需要申请权限，并在开始使用前检测其状态是否可读可写(MEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY||MEDIA_MOUNTED)

3. SQLite数据库

    DBHelper辅助类：

public class DBHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
    public DBHelper(Context context,String name,SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory factory,int version){
        super(context, name, factory, version);
    }
    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
        String sql = "create table user(_id integer primary key autoincrement, headimg integer, name text, tel text,"+
                "address text, email text)";
        db.execSQL(sql);
    }

    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
        String sql = "drop table if exists user";
        db.execSQL(sql);
        onCreate(db);
    }

}

    DBDao数据库操作类：

public class DBDao {
    private SQLiteDatabase db;

    //init db
    public DBDao(Context context){
        DBHelper dbHelper = new DBHelper(context,"MyContacts.db",null,1);
        db = dbHelper.getReadableDatabase();   //或者getWritableDatabase()
    }

    //insert into user
    public void insert(UserBean userBean){
        String sql = "insert into user(headimg,name,tel,address,email) values(?,?,?,?,?)";
        db.execSQL(sql,new String[]{String.valueOf(userBean.getHeadimg()),userBean.getName(),userBean.getTel(),
                userBean.getAddress(),userBean.getEmail()});
    }
    //delete from uer
    public void delete(int id){
        String sql = "delete from user where _id = "+id;
        db.execSQL(sql);
    }
    //update user
    public void update(UserBean userBean){
        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        values.put("headimg",userBean.getHeadimg());
        values.put("name",userBean.getName());
        values.put("tel",userBean.getTel());
        values.put("address",userBean.getAddress());
        values.put("email",userBean.getEmail());
        db.update("user",values,"_id=?",new String[]{String.valueOf(userBean.getId())});
    }
    //get one user
    public Cursor getUser(int id){
        String sql = "select * from user where _id = ?";
        Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery(sql,new String[]{String.valueOf(id)});
        return cursor;
    }
    //select all from user
    public Cursor query(){
        String sql = "select * from user";
        Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery(sql,null);
        return cursor;
    }
}

    实例化DBDao进行具体操作

注意点：
    getReadableDatabase()并不是以只读方式打开数据库，而是先执行getWritableDatabase()，失败的情况下才以只读方式打开数据库.。

    但getWritableDatabase()方法以读写方式打开数据库，一旦数据库的磁盘空间满了，数据库就只能读而不能写,会出现错误

4. 网络保存在远程服务器上