Docker应用部署：MySQL，Tomcat，Nginx，Redis

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-07 22:43:17 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-07 22:43:17 发布

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文章标签： docker linux centos nginx

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39455275/article/details/111522771

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本文介绍在CentOS7上使用Docker部署MySQL、Tomcat、Nginx和Redis的过程。涵盖Docker的基本概念、端口映射及数据卷的使用，并详细记录了每个应用的部署步骤。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

概述

在vmware的centos7上安装了docker，通过docker来部署几个应用，记录一下部署过程，方便以后查看。

Docker的作用
我们写的代码会接触到好几个环境：开发环境（开发人员使用）、测试环境（测试人员使用）以及生产环境（运维人员使用），环境与环境之间可能有差别，如jdk版本的不同。
docker是一种容器技术，解决环境迁移问题，即把环境也一起打包进容器。

端口映射
外部机器是无法直接访问到容器的。当容器中的网络服务需要被外部机器访问时，可以将容器中提供服务的端口映射到宿主机的端口上。外部机器访问宿主机的端口，从而间接访问容器的服务。
如图所示，容器的3306端口映射到宿主机的3307端口，外部机器访问宿主机的3307端口就能访问容器。
在这里插入图片描述
数据卷
数据卷是宿主机中的一个目录或文件，当容器目录和数据卷目录绑定后，对方的修改会立即同步。一个数据卷可以被多个容器同时挂载；一个容器也可以被挂载多个数据卷。

作用：

容器数据持久化
外部机器和容器间接通信
容器之间数据交换

MySQL

步骤

搜索mysql镜像
拉取mysql镜像
创建容器，设置端口映射、目录映射（在/root目录下创建mysql目录用于存储mysql数据信息）

[root@centos7 mysql]# docker run -id \
> -p 3307:3306 \
> --name=c_mysql \
> -v $PWD/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
> -v $PWD/logs:/logs \
> -v $PWD/data:/var/lib/mysql \
> -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 \
> mysql:5.6

-p 3307:3306：将容器的 3306 端口映射到宿主机的 3307 端口。
-v $PWD/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d：将主机当前目录下的 conf/my.cnf 挂载到容器的
/etc/mysql/my.cnf。配置目录
-v $PWD/logs:/logs：将主机当前目录下的 logs 目录挂载到容器的 /logs。日志目录
-v $PWD/data:/var/lib/mysql ：将主机当前目录下的data目录挂载到容器的 /var/lib/mysql 。数据目录
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456：初始化 root 用户的密码

进入容器，操作mysql
使用外部机器连接容器中的mysql

[czn@centos7 ~]$ su root
Password: 
[root@centos7 czn]# cd /
[root@centos7 /]# cd /etc/docker
[root@centos7 docker]# docker images
Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?
[root@centos7 docker]# systemctl start docker
[root@centos7 docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
redis        5.0       5a3c8e192943   10 days ago   98.4MB
centos       7         8652b9f0cb4c   5 weeks ago   204MB
[root@centos7 docker]# docker pull mysql:5.6
5.6: Pulling from library/mysql
e50c3c9ef5a2: Pull complete 
94069ccb8535: Pull complete 
ca1ed35f7ae1: Pull complete 
b8d6304f5ee0: Pull complete 
5df200debe65: Pull complete 
0c86983a5f50: Pull complete 
b7c8ecf8cbd3: Pull complete 
a1fa953f1f76: Pull complete 
a49eac7c4004: Pull complete 
2d0ede289384: Pull complete 
eb1351cc5fcd: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:51d59639d9a864ec302008c81d6909c532eff8b946993ef6448c086ba7917e82
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.6
docker.io/library/mysql:5.6
[root@centos7 docker]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
mysql        5.6       0ebb5600241d   6 hours ago   302MB
redis        5.0       5a3c8e192943   10 days ago   98.4MB
centos       7         8652b9f0cb4c   5 weeks ago   204MB
[root@centos7 docker]# pwd
/etc/docker
[root@centos7 docker]# mkdir ~/mysql
[root@centos7 docker]# cd ~/mysql
[root@centos7 mysql]# pwd
/root/mysql
[root@centos7 mysql]# docker run -id \
> -p 3307:3306 \
> --name=c_mysql \
> -v $PWD/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
> -v $PWD/logs:/logs \
> -v $PWD/data:/var/lib/mysql \
> -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 \
> mysql:5.6
d53cc831ceea85498e8e3348e006bd07c6f9ef473337855b4b7313eb824ff294
[root@centos7 mysql]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                    NAMES
d53cc831ceea   mysql:5.6   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   19 seconds ago   Up 17 seconds   0.0.0.0:3307->3306/tcp   c_mysql
[root@centos7 mysql]# docker exec -it c_mysql
"docker exec" requires at least 2 arguments.
See 'docker exec --help'.

Usage:  docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]

Run a command in a running container
[root@centos7 mysql]# docker exec -it c_mysql /bin/bash
root@d53cc831ceea:/# mysql -uroot -p123456
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.50 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases
    -> ;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.02 sec)

在虚拟机上部署好了过后，我们用自己的电脑上的navicat来连接一下虚拟机上的mysql。
如何查看虚拟机的ip地址？输入指令：ifconfig

在这里插入图片描述
连接成功后，就能通过navicat很方便地操作虚拟机上的数据库啦！

Tomcat

步骤

搜索tomcat镜像
拉取tomcat镜像
创建容器，设置端口映射、目录映射（在/root目录下创建tomcat目录用于存储tomcat数据信息）

[root@centos7 tomcat]# docker run -id --name=c_tomcat \
> -p 8080:8080 \
> -v $PWD:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps \
> tomcat

-p 8080:8080：将容器的8080端口映射到主机的8080端口
-v $PWD:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps：将主机中当前目录挂载到容器的webapps

使用外部机器访问tomcat

[root@centos7 docker]# docker pull tomcat
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/tomcat
6c33745f49b4: Pull complete 
ef072fc32a84: Pull complete 
c0afb8e68e0b: Pull complete 
d599c07d28e6: Pull complete 
e8a829023b97: Pull complete 
d04be46a31d1: Pull complete 
db6007c69c35: Pull complete 
e4ad4c894bce: Pull complete 
248895fda357: Pull complete 
277059b4cba2: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:57dae7dfb9b62a413cde65334c8a18893795cac70afc3be589c8336d8244655d
Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:latest
docker.io/library/tomcat:latest
[root@centos7 docker]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS             PORTS                    NAMES
d53cc831ceea   mysql:5.6   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   About an hour ago   Up About an hour   0.0.0.0:3307->3306/tcp   c_mysql
[root@centos7 docker]# mkdir ~/tomcat
[root@centos7 docker]# cd ~/tomcat
[root@centos7 tomcat]# docker run -id --name=c_tomcat \
> -p 8080:8080 \
> -v $PWD:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps \
> tomcat
27da1b0ca5b7d227bf3c5bc77770223f36a5dc3e7cca2d2d1226e6b57e978cf6
[root@centos7 tomcat]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS             PORTS                    NAMES
27da1b0ca5b7   tomcat      "catalina.sh run"        9 seconds ago       Up 4 seconds       0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp   c_tomcat
d53cc831ceea   mysql:5.6   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   About an hour ago   Up About an hour   0.0.0.0:3307->3306/tcp   c_mysql

在tomcat文件夹下，创建一个test文件夹，在test中创建index.html。（此时容器中的/usr/local/tomcat/webapps也有了test文件夹，里边有index.html）

[root@centos7 tomcat]# mkdir test
[root@centos7 tomcat]# cd test
[root@centos7 test]# vim index.html

然后通过浏览器访问：http://虚拟机ip地址:8080/test/index.html
在这里插入图片描述

Nginx

创建nginx文件夹，底下创建conf文件夹，该文件夹下放nginx.conf，该配置文件的内容如下：

user nginx;
worker_processes 1;

error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
	worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
	include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
	default_type application/octet-stream;
	log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
	'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
	'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
	access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
	sendfile on;
	#tcp_nopush on;
	keepalive_timeout 65;
	#gzip on;
	include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir nginx
[root@centos7 ~]# cd nginx
[root@centos7 nginx]# mkdir conf
[root@centos7 nginx]# cd conf
[root@centos7 conf]# vim nginx.conf
[root@centos7 conf]# cd ..
[root@centos7 nginx]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 24 Dec 22 13:47 conf
[root@centos7 nginx]# docker run -id --name=c_nginx \
> -p 80:80 \
> -v $PWD/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
> -v $PWD/logs:/var/log/nginx \
> -v $PWD/html:/usr/share/nginx/html \
> nginx
Unable to find image 'nginx:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
6ec7b7d162b2: Already exists 
cb420a90068e: Pull complete 
2766c0bf2b07: Pull complete 
e05167b6a99d: Pull complete 
70ac9d795e79: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:4cf620a5c81390ee209398ecc18e5fb9dd0f5155cd82adcbae532fec94006fb9
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
441d45f40c80c45100e32c49c3f7f732c087d48718774b4609e84ca44ee30d27
[root@centos7 nginx]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS             PORTS                    NAMES
441d45f40c80   nginx       "/docker-entrypoint.…"   11 seconds ago      Up 8 seconds       0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp       c_nginx
27da1b0ca5b7   tomcat      "catalina.sh run"        About an hour ago   Up About an hour   0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp   c_tomcat
d53cc831ceea   mysql:5.6   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   3 hours ago         Up 3 hours         0.0.0.0:3307->3306/tcp   c_mysql

此时浏览器访问：虚拟机ip:80，可以看到如下页面
在这里插入图片描述
在html文件夹下创建index.html。

[root@centos7 nginx]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 24 Dec 22 13:47 conf
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Dec 22 13:53 html
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 41 Dec 22 13:53 logs
[root@centos7 nginx]# cd html
[root@centos7 html]# vim index.html

再次访问：虚拟机ip:80
在这里插入图片描述

Redis

[root@centos7 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql        5.6       0ebb5600241d   10 hours ago   302MB
tomcat       latest    feba8d001e3f   3 days ago     649MB
nginx        latest    ae2feff98a0c   6 days ago     133MB
redis        5.0       5a3c8e192943   10 days ago    98.4MB
centos       7         8652b9f0cb4c   5 weeks ago    204MB
[root@centos7 ~]# docker run -id --name=c_redis \
> -p 6379:6379 \
> redis:5.0
18226856a8405d8b2580f8077baa62b1265c86f3cd6f2997d71557b6afebde34
[root@centos7 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                    NAMES
18226856a840   redis:5.0   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   13 seconds ago   Up 10 seconds   0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp   c_redis
441d45f40c80   nginx       "/docker-entrypoint.…"   21 minutes ago   Up 21 minutes   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp       c_nginx
27da1b0ca5b7   tomcat      "catalina.sh run"        2 hours ago      Up 2 hours      0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp   c_tomcat
d53cc831ceea   mysql:5.6   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   3 hours ago      Up 3 hours      0.0.0.0:3307->3306/tcp   c_mysql