关于Spring Data Jpa
Spring Data Jpa是Spring Data的一个子项目,主要用于简化数据访问层的实现,使用Spring Data Jpa可以轻松实现增删改查、分页、排序等。
例子,Spring Boot + Spring Data Jpa
1、添加POM.XML文件
如下所示:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>demo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>spring-data-jpa-example</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.4.4.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.7</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
其中,spring-boot-starter-parent会加载Spring Boot应用所需的所有默认配置;
spring-boot-starter-data-jpa会下载所有Spring Data Jpa所需的依赖;
添加spring-boot-starter-web是因为我们的工程是一个Web应用;
另外我们的数据库是mysql,所以还需要mysql-connector-java依赖;
由于使用了缓存,所以再添加一个spring-boot-starter-cache依赖;
2、编写实体类User
package com.example.domain;
import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.NamedQuery;
@Entity
@NamedQuery(name = "User.findByName", query = "select name,address from User u where u.name=?1")
public class User implements Serializable
{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
long id;
@Column(name = "name")
String name;
@Column(name = "address")
String address;
public long getId()
{
return id;
}
public void setId(long id)
{
this.id = id;
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name)
{
this.name = name;
}
public String getAddress()
{
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address)
{
this.address = address;
}
}
其它没啥好说的,注意下这里的@NamedQuery注解,大致意思就是让我们在Repository接口中定义的findByName方法不使用默认的查询实现,取而代之的是使用这条自定义的查询语句去查询,如果这里没有标注的话,会使用默认实现的。
3、编写Repository接口
这里将编写两个Repository接口,仅仅用于示例,实际中可以合并成一个:
UserJpaRepository
package com.example.repository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import com.example.domain.User;
public interface UserJpaRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Long> {
}
这里的UserJpaRepository接口实现了JpaRepository接口;
实际上JpaRepository实现了PagingAndSortingRepository接口,PagingAndSortingRepository接口实现了CrudRepository接口,CrudRepository接口实现了Repository接口;
简单说明下:
Repository接口是一个标识接口,里面是空的;
CrudRepository接口定义了增删改查方法;
PagingAndSortingRepository接口用于分页和排序;
由于JpaRepository接口继承了以上所有接口,所以拥有它们声明的所有方法;
另外注意下,以findAll方法为例,JpaRepository接口返回的是List, PagingAndSortingRepository和CrudRepository返回的是迭代器;
UserRepository
package com.example.repository;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import org.springframework.data.repository.Repository;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;
import com.example.domain.User;
public interface UserRepository extends Repository<User, Long>
{
List<User> findByNameAndAddress(String name, String address);
@Query(value = "from User u where u.name=:name")
List<User> findByName1(@Param("name") String name);
@Query(value = "select * from #{#entityName} u where u.name=?1", nativeQuery = true)
List<User> findByName2(String name);
List<User> findByName(String name);
}
这里的UserRepository接口主要定义了一些查询方法;
比如这里的findByNameAndAddress和findByName方法,我们是不需要额外定义其它查询语句就可以直接执行的,Spring Data Jpa会根据实体类的属性名字以及方法名自动实现该方法;PS:由于我们在实体类中声明了@NamedQuery注解,实际上findByName方法会使用@NamedQuery注解标注的查询语句去查询;
另外这里的findByName1方法使用了HQL语句查询;
findByName2方法使用了原始的sql语句查询;
4、编写Service
service接口:
package com.example.service;
import java.util.List;
import com.example.domain.User;
public interface IUserService
{
public List<User> findAll();
public void saveUser(User book);
public User findOne(long id);
public void delete(long id);
public List<User> findByName(String name);
}
接口实现类:
package com.example.service.impl;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import com.example.domain.User;
import com.example.repository.UserRepository;
import com.example.repository.UserJpaRepository;
import com.example.service.IUserService;
@Service
@Transactional
public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService
{
@Autowired
private UserJpaRepository userJpaRepository;
@Autowired
private UserRepository userRepository;
public List<User> findAll()
{
return userJpaRepository.findAll();
}
public List<User> findByName(String name)
{
List<User> userList1 = userRepository.findByName1(name);
List<User> userList2 = userRepository.findByName2(name);
List<User> userList3 = userRepository.findByNameAndAddress(name, "3");
System.out.println("userList1:" + userList1);
System.out.println("userList2:" + userList2);
System.out.println("userList3:" + userList3);
return userRepository.findByName(name);
}
public void saveUser(User book)
{
userJpaRepository.save(book);
}
@Cacheable("users")
public User findOne(long id)
{
System.out.println("Cached Pages");
return userJpaRepository.findOne(id);
}
public void delete(long id)
{
userJpaRepository.delete(id);
}
}
这个没啥好说的,调用Repository接口接口的方法即可。
5、编写Controller
Controller也没啥好说的,调用Service即可,注意下这里的Controller使用@RestController注解来标注,另外URL路径命名按照RESTful风格来命名;
package com.example.web;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.example.domain.User;
import com.example.service.IUserService;
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/users")
public class UserController
{
@Autowired
private IUserService userService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/add/{id}/{name}/{address}")
public User addUser(@PathVariable int id, @PathVariable String name,
@PathVariable String address)
{
User user = new User();
user.setId(id);
user.setName(name);
user.setAddress(address);
userService.saveUser(user);
return user;
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/delete/{id}")
public void deleteBook(@PathVariable int id)
{
userService.delete(id);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/")
public List<User> getBooks()
{
return userService.findAll();
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/{id}")
public User getUser(@PathVariable int id)
{
User user = userService.findOne(id);
return user;
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/search/name/{name}")
public List<User> getBookByName(@PathVariable String name)
{
List<User> users = userService.findByName(name);
return users;
}
}
6、配置datasource
在application.properties文件中添加如下配置:
spring.jpa.show-sql = true
logging.level.org.springframework.data=DEBUG
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
如果你使用STS IDE的话,这些属性配置都会自动提示的,省的去查找。
想查看spring.datasource的配置,可以参考这个类:DataSourceProperties.java
7、编写启动类
比较简单,注意下该类所属的包级别要大于或等于其它类,以保证其它类的注解可以被扫描到。
package com.example;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableCaching
public class SpringDataJpaExampleApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringDataJpaExampleApplication.class, args);
}
}
运行、测试程序
启动main方法,或打成jar包运行;
浏览器输入以下URL,测试即可:
http://localhost:8080/users/
http://localhost:8080/users/add/100/110/111
http://localhost:8080/users/delete/100
http://localhost:8080/users/2
http://localhost:8080/users/search/name/2
程序源码
https://github.com/peterchenhdu/spring-data-jpa-example
参考资料
http://docs.spring.io/spring-data/jpa/docs/1.11.0.RELEASE/reference/html/
http://javabeat.net/spring-data-jpa/
https://spring.io/guides/gs/caching/
关于Spring Data Jpa
Spring Data Jpa是Spring Data的一个子项目,主要用于简化数据访问层的实现,使用Spring Data Jpa可以轻松实现增删改查、分页、排序等。
例子,Spring Boot + Spring Data Jpa
1、添加POM.XML文件
如下所示:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>demo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>spring-data-jpa-example</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.4.4.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.7</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
其中,spring-boot-starter-parent会加载Spring Boot应用所需的所有默认配置;
spring-boot-starter-data-jpa会下载所有Spring Data Jpa所需的依赖;
添加spring-boot-starter-web是因为我们的工程是一个Web应用;
另外我们的数据库是mysql,所以还需要mysql-connector-java依赖;
由于使用了缓存,所以再添加一个spring-boot-starter-cache依赖;
2、编写实体类User
package com.example.domain;
import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.NamedQuery;
@Entity
@NamedQuery(name = "User.findByName", query = "select name,address from User u where u.name=?1")
public class User implements Serializable
{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
long id;
@Column(name = "name")
String name;
@Column(name = "address")
String address;
public long getId()
{
return id;
}
public void setId(long id)
{
this.id = id;
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name)
{
this.name = name;
}
public String getAddress()
{
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address)
{
this.address = address;
}
}
其它没啥好说的,注意下这里的@NamedQuery注解,大致意思就是让我们在Repository接口中定义的findByName方法不使用默认的查询实现,取而代之的是使用这条自定义的查询语句去查询,如果这里没有标注的话,会使用默认实现的。
3、编写Repository接口
这里将编写两个Repository接口,仅仅用于示例,实际中可以合并成一个:
UserJpaRepository
package com.example.repository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import com.example.domain.User;
public interface UserJpaRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Long> {
}
这里的UserJpaRepository接口实现了JpaRepository接口;
实际上JpaRepository实现了PagingAndSortingRepository接口,PagingAndSortingRepository接口实现了CrudRepository接口,CrudRepository接口实现了Repository接口;
简单说明下:
Repository接口是一个标识接口,里面是空的;
CrudRepository接口定义了增删改查方法;
PagingAndSortingRepository接口用于分页和排序;
由于JpaRepository接口继承了以上所有接口,所以拥有它们声明的所有方法;
另外注意下,以findAll方法为例,JpaRepository接口返回的是List, PagingAndSortingRepository和CrudRepository返回的是迭代器;
UserRepository
package com.example.repository;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import org.springframework.data.repository.Repository;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;
import com.example.domain.User;
public interface UserRepository extends Repository<User, Long>
{
List<User> findByNameAndAddress(String name, String address);
@Query(value = "from User u where u.name=:name")
List<User> findByName1(@Param("name") String name);
@Query(value = "select * from #{#entityName} u where u.name=?1", nativeQuery = true)
List<User> findByName2(String name);
List<User> findByName(String name);
}
这里的UserRepository接口主要定义了一些查询方法;
比如这里的findByNameAndAddress和findByName方法,我们是不需要额外定义其它查询语句就可以直接执行的,Spring Data Jpa会根据实体类的属性名字以及方法名自动实现该方法;PS:由于我们在实体类中声明了@NamedQuery注解,实际上findByName方法会使用@NamedQuery注解标注的查询语句去查询;
另外这里的findByName1方法使用了HQL语句查询;
findByName2方法使用了原始的sql语句查询;
4、编写Service
service接口:
package com.example.service;
import java.util.List;
import com.example.domain.User;
public interface IUserService
{
public List<User> findAll();
public void saveUser(User book);
public User findOne(long id);
public void delete(long id);
public List<User> findByName(String name);
}
接口实现类:
package com.example.service.impl;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import com.example.domain.User;
import com.example.repository.UserRepository;
import com.example.repository.UserJpaRepository;
import com.example.service.IUserService;
@Service
@Transactional
public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService
{
@Autowired
private UserJpaRepository userJpaRepository;
@Autowired
private UserRepository userRepository;
public List<User> findAll()
{
return userJpaRepository.findAll();
}
public List<User> findByName(String name)
{
List<User> userList1 = userRepository.findByName1(name);
List<User> userList2 = userRepository.findByName2(name);
List<User> userList3 = userRepository.findByNameAndAddress(name, "3");
System.out.println("userList1:" + userList1);
System.out.println("userList2:" + userList2);
System.out.println("userList3:" + userList3);
return userRepository.findByName(name);
}
public void saveUser(User book)
{
userJpaRepository.save(book);
}
@Cacheable("users")
public User findOne(long id)
{
System.out.println("Cached Pages");
return userJpaRepository.findOne(id);
}
public void delete(long id)
{
userJpaRepository.delete(id);
}
}
这个没啥好说的,调用Repository接口接口的方法即可。
5、编写Controller
Controller也没啥好说的,调用Service即可,注意下这里的Controller使用@RestController注解来标注,另外URL路径命名按照RESTful风格来命名;
package com.example.web;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.example.domain.User;
import com.example.service.IUserService;
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/users")
public class UserController
{
@Autowired
private IUserService userService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/add/{id}/{name}/{address}")
public User addUser(@PathVariable int id, @PathVariable String name,
@PathVariable String address)
{
User user = new User();
user.setId(id);
user.setName(name);
user.setAddress(address);
userService.saveUser(user);
return user;
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/delete/{id}")
public void deleteBook(@PathVariable int id)
{
userService.delete(id);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/")
public List<User> getBooks()
{
return userService.findAll();
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/{id}")
public User getUser(@PathVariable int id)
{
User user = userService.findOne(id);
return user;
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/search/name/{name}")
public List<User> getBookByName(@PathVariable String name)
{
List<User> users = userService.findByName(name);
return users;
}
}
6、配置datasource
在application.properties文件中添加如下配置:
spring.jpa.show-sql = true
logging.level.org.springframework.data=DEBUG
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
如果你使用STS IDE的话,这些属性配置都会自动提示的,省的去查找。
想查看spring.datasource的配置,可以参考这个类:DataSourceProperties.java
7、编写启动类
比较简单,注意下该类所属的包级别要大于或等于其它类,以保证其它类的注解可以被扫描到。
package com.example;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableCaching
public class SpringDataJpaExampleApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringDataJpaExampleApplication.class, args);
}
}
运行、测试程序
启动main方法,或打成jar包运行;
浏览器输入以下URL,测试即可:
http://localhost:8080/users/
http://localhost:8080/users/add/100/110/111
http://localhost:8080/users/delete/100
http://localhost:8080/users/2
http://localhost:8080/users/search/name/2
程序源码
https://github.com/peterchenhdu/spring-data-jpa-example
参考资料
http://docs.spring.io/spring-data/jpa/docs/1.11.0.RELEASE/reference/html/
http://javabeat.net/spring-data-jpa/
https://spring.io/guides/gs/caching/