8 - 命令模式 - 行为模式

参考：设计模式之禅

1. 例子

public interface Group {
    void find();
    void add();
    void delete();
    void change();
    void plan();
}
public class PageGroup implements Group {
    @Override
    public void find() {
        System.out.println("find page group");
    }
    @Override
    public void add() {
        System.out.println("add new page");
    }
    @Override
    public void delete() {
        System.out.println("delete page");
    }
    @Override
    public void change() {
        System.out.println("change page");
    }
    @Override
    public void plan() {
        System.out.println("do a page plan");
    }
}

.......

public abstract class Command {
    protected CodeGroup codeGroup = new CodeGroup();
    protected PageGroup pageGroup = new PageGroup();
    protected RequirementGroup requirementGroup = new RequirementGroup();
    public abstract void execute();
}

public class DeletePageCommand extends Command {

    @Override
    public void execute() {
        super.pageGroup.find();
        super.pageGroup.delete();
        super.pageGroup.plan();
    }
}
public class AddRequireCommandCommand extends Command {

    @Override
    public void execute() {
        super.requirementGroup.find();
        super.requirementGroup.delete();
        super.requirementGroup.plan();
    }
}

public class Invoker {
    private Command command;

    public void setCommand(Command command) {
        this.command = command;
    }

    public void action() {
        command.execute();
    }
}

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Invoker invoker = new Invoker();
        Command deletePageCommand = new DeletePageCommand();
        invoker.setCommand(deletePageCommand);
        invoker.action();
    }
}

2. 定义

把不同的请求封装成不同的对象，使客户端参数化。提供命令的撤销和恢复功能。

public abstract class Receiver {
    public abstract void doSomething();
}
public class ConcreteReceiver1 extends Receiver {
    @Override
    public void doSomething() {
        System.out.println("concreteReceiver1 do something");
    }
}

public abstract class Command {
    public abstract void execute();
}
public class ConcreteCommand extends Command {
    private Receiver receiver;

    public ConcreteCommand(Receiver receiver) {
        this.receiver = receiver;
    }
    @Override
    public void execute() {
        this.receiver.doSomething();
    }
}

public class Invoker {
    private Command command;

    public void setCommand(Command command) {
        this.command = command;
    }

    public void action() {
        this.command.execute();
    }
}
public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConcreteReceiver1 concreteReceiver1 = new ConcreteReceiver1();
        ConcreteCommand concreteCommand = new ConcreteCommand(concreteReceiver1);
        Invoker invoker = new Invoker();
        invoker.setCommand(concreteCommand);
        invoker.action();
    }
}

3. 应用

3.1 优点

• 类间解耦，调用者和接受者无依赖关系；
• 可扩展性，Command类很容易扩展；
• 结合其他模式，结合责任链模式，实现命令组解析任务；结合模板方法，减少Command子类膨胀问题。

3.2 缺点

Command子类膨胀问题。

4. 参考资料

• https://refactoringguru.cn/design-patterns/command