Linux服务篇----构建MySql(一)

通过yum/rpm安装
yum 安装方法很简单，执行命令如下即可: yum install mysql-server mysql mysql-devel -y

[root@localhost mysql]# yum install mysql-server  mysql mysql-devel -y
已加载插件：fastestmirror, security
设置安装进程
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
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解决依赖关系
--> 执行事务检查
---> Package mysql.x86_64 0:5.1.73-8.el6_8 will be 安装
---> Package mysql-devel.x86_64 0:5.1.73-8.el6_8 will be 安装
---> Package mysql-server.x86_64 0:5.1.73-8.el6_8 will be 安装
--> 处理依赖关系 perl-DBI，它被软件包 mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 perl-DBD-MySQL，它被软件包 mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 perl(DBI)，它被软件包 mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 需要
--> 执行事务检查
---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.013-3.el6 will be 安装
---> Package perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.609-4.el6 will be 安装
--> 完成依赖关系计算

依赖关系解决

==============================================================================================================================
 软件包                            架构                      版本                               仓库                     大小
==============================================================================================================================
正在安装:
 mysql                             x86_64                    5.1.73-8.el6_8                     base                    895 k
 mysql-devel                       x86_64                    5.1.73-8.el6_8                     base                    130 k
 mysql-server                      x86_64                    5.1.73-8.el6_8                     base                    8.6 M
为依赖而安装:
 perl-DBD-MySQL                    x86_64                    4.013-3.el6                        base                    134 k
 perl-DBI                          x86_64                    1.609-4.el6                        base                    705 k

事务概要
==============================================================================================================================
Install       5 Package(s)

总下载量：10 M
Installed size: 29 M
下载软件包：
(1/5): mysql-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64.rpm                                                                 | 895 kB     00:00     
(2/5): mysql-devel-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64.rpm                                                           | 130 kB     00:00     
(3/5): mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64.rpm                                                          | 8.6 MB     00:01     
(4/5): perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                           | 134 kB     00:00     
(5/5): perl-DBI-1.609-4.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                 | 705 kB     00:00     
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计                                                                                          5.2 MB/s |  10 MB     00:02     
运行 rpm_check_debug 
执行事务测试
事务测试成功
执行事务
  正在安装   : perl-DBI-1.609-4.el6.x86_64                                                                                1/5 
  正在安装   : mysql-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64                                                                                2/5 
  正在安装   : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.x86_64                                                                          3/5 
  正在安装   : mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64                                                                         4/5 
  正在安装   : mysql-devel-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64                                                                          5/5 
  Verifying  : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.x86_64                                                                          1/5 
  Verifying  : mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64                                                                         2/5 
  Verifying  : mysql-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64                                                                                3/5 
  Verifying  : mysql-devel-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64                                                                          4/5 
  Verifying  : perl-DBI-1.609-4.el6.x86_64                                                                                5/5 

已安装:
  mysql.x86_64 0:5.1.73-8.el6_8        mysql-devel.x86_64 0:5.1.73-8.el6_8        mysql-server.x86_64 0:5.1.73-8.el6_8       

作为依赖被安装:
  perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.013-3.el6                              perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.609-4.el6                             

完毕！
[root@localhost mysql]#

安装完成后，restart首次执行初始化数据库，之后是重启服务

[root@localhost mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
停止 mysqld：                                              [确定]
初始化 MySQL 数据库： Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost.localdomain password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /usr ; /usr/bin/mysqld_safe &

You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd /usr/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbug script!

                                                           [确定]
正在启动 mysqld：                                          [确定]
[root@localhost mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
停止 mysqld：                                              [确定]
正在启动 mysqld：                                          [确定]
[root@localhost mysql]#

成功后首次登录无密码，输入命令mysql -uroot -p直接回车登录

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

如果之前安装过mysql，忘记密码，停止服务，用跳过权限方式登录mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &，进入mysql库，执行修改密码语句update user set password=password("rootPwd") where user="root";，退出重启服务，重新进入mysql

[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
停止 mysqld：                                              [确定]
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
[1] 4975
[root@localhost ~]# 200405 22:56:21 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.
200405 22:56:21 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql

[root@localhost ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> update user set password=password("rootPwd") where user="root";
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 3  Changed: 3  Warnings: 0

mysql> exit;
Bye
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
200405 23:07:57 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended
停止 mysqld：                                              [确定]
正在启动 mysqld：                                          [确定]
[1]+  Done                    mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

查看mysql是否启动命令ps -ef |grep mysql
启动：

[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef |grep mysql
root      5186     1  0 23:07 pts/3    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --basedir=/usr --user=mysql
mysql     5288  5186  0 23:07 pts/3    00:00:00 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
root      5333  4918  0 23:13 pts/3    00:00:00 grep mysql
[root@localhost ~]# 

未启动：

[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef |grep mysql
root      5395  4918  0 23:14 pts/3    00:00:00 grep mysql
[root@localhost ~]#