Android view绘制流程

绘制view

 绘制从跟视图viewroot的performtraversals(）方法开始，从上到下遍历整个视图，每个view负责绘制自己，viewgroup还负责通知自己的子view进行绘制操作。视图操作的过程氛围三个步骤，分别是Measure,layout,draw。

performTraversals方法在ViewRootimpl中，核心代码为

  int childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mWidth, lp.width);
  int childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mHeight, lp.height);
  测量
  performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
  布局
  performLayout(lp, mWidth, mHeight);
  绘制
  performDraw();

Measure用来计算view的实际大小，从perfromMeasure方法开始

  private void performMeasure(int childWidthMeasureSpec, int childHeightMeasureSpec) {
    if (mView == null) {
        return;
    }
    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "measure");
    try {
        mView.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
    } finally {
        Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
    }
  }

分发给 ViewGroup ，由 ViewGroup 在它的 measureChild 方法中传递给子 View。ViewGroup 通过遍历自身所有的子 View，并逐个调用子 View 的 measure 方法实现测量操作。

  // 遍历测量 ViewGroup 中所有的 View
  protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
    final int size = mChildrenCount;
    final View[] children = mChildren;
    for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
        final View child = children[i];
        if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) != GONE) {
            measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        }
    }
  }

  // 测量某个指定的 View
  protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,
            int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {
    final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams();

    final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);
    final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);

    child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
  }

View (ViewGroup) 的 Measure 方法，最终的测量是通过回调 onMeasure 方法实现的，这个通常由 View 的特定子类自己实现，可以通过重写这个方法实现自定义 View。

public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
    onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
  }
  // 如果需要自定义测量，子类需重写这个方法
  protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
    setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
    getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
  }
  // 如果 View 没有重写onMeasure 方法，默认会直接调用 getDefaultSize
   public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
     int result = size;
     int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
     int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
     switch (specMode) {
       case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
          result = size;
          break;
       case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
       case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
          result = specSize;
          break;
      }
      return result;
   }

Layout 过程用来确定 View 在父容器的布局位置，他是父容器获取子 View 的位置参数后，调用子 View 的 layout 方法并将位置参数传入实现的。ViewRootImpl 的 performLayout 代码如下。

  private void performLayout(WindowManager.LayoutParams lp, int desiredWindowWidth,
            int desiredWindowHeight) {
    ...
    host.layout(0, 0, host.getMeasuredWidth(), host.getMeasuredHeight());
    ...
  }

View 的 layout 方法代码。

  public void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b) {
    onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);
  }

  // 空方法，子类如果是 ViewGroup 类型，则重写这个方法，实现 ViewGroup 中所有 View 控件布局
  protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
  }

Draw 操作用来将控件绘制出来，绘制的流程从 performDraw 方法开始。performDraw 方法在类 ViewRootImpl 内，其核心代码如下。
 

  private void performDraw() {
    boolean canUseAsync = draw(fullRedrawNeeded);
  }

  private boolean draw(boolean fullRedrawNeeded) {
    ...
    if (!drawSoftware(surface, mAttachInfo, xOffset, yOffset,
                        scalingRequired, dirty, surfaceInsets)) {
      return false;
    }
  }

  private boolean drawSoftware(Surface surface, AttachInfo attachInfo, int xoff, int yoff,
            boolean scalingRequired, Rect dirty, Rect surfaceInsets) {
     ...
     mView.draw(canvas);
     ...
  }

最终调用到每个 View 的 draw 方法绘制每个具体的 View，绘制基本上可以分为六个步骤。

  public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
    ...
    // Step 1, draw the background, if needed
    if (!dirtyOpaque) {
      drawBackground(canvas);
    }
    ...
    // Step 2, save the canvas' layers
    saveCount = canvas.getSaveCount();
    ...
    // Step 3, draw the content
    if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);

    // Step 4, draw the children
    dispatchDraw(canvas);

    // Step 5, draw the fade effect and restore layers
    canvas.drawRect(left, top, right, top + length, p);
    ...
    canvas.restoreToCount(saveCount);
    ...
    // Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)
    onDrawForeground(canvas);
  }