ubuntu16.4在anaconda下安装caffe遇到的错误

首先声明,我是在anaconda的base/root环境下的python3.7中安装的opencv3.1.0+caffe,我参考了以下几篇博文进行安装,在此表示感谢:

第一篇          第二篇          第三篇       第四篇        第五篇

在我第一次安装失败后,参照一篇博文,先手动安装了3.0-beta-2版本的protobuf,不知对后续是否有用,反正这次的确是安装caffe成功了。protobuf的安装方法如下:博文1       博文2    

                                                                            github下载地址               

                                                                             博文3

然后,附上我的Makefile.config文件,留给大家看,也留给自己看。

## Refer to http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/installation.html
# Contributions simplifying and improving our build system are welcome!

# cuDNN acceleration switch (uncomment to build with cuDNN).
# USE_CUDNN := 1

# CPU-only switch (uncomment to build without GPU support).
CPU_ONLY := 1

# uncomment to disable IO dependencies and corresponding data layers
# USE_OPENCV := 0
# USE_LEVELDB := 0
# USE_LMDB := 0
# This code is taken from https://github.com/sh1r0/caffe-android-lib
# USE_HDF5 := 0

# uncomment to allow MDB_NOLOCK when reading LMDB files (only if necessary)
#	You should not set this flag if you will be reading LMDBs with any
#	possibility of simultaneous read and write
# ALLOW_LMDB_NOLOCK := 1

# Uncomment if you're using OpenCV 3
OPENCV_VERSION := 3

# To customize your choice of compiler, uncomment and set the following.
# N.B. the default for Linux is g++ and the default for OSX is clang++
# CUSTOM_CXX := g++

# CUDA directory contains bin/ and lib/ directories that we need.
# CUDA_DIR := /usr/local/cuda
# On Ubuntu 14.04, if cuda tools are installed via
# "sudo apt-get install nvidia-cuda-toolkit" then use this instead:
# CUDA_DIR := /usr

# CUDA architecture setting: going with all of them.
# For CUDA < 6.0, comment the *_50 through *_61 lines for compatibility.
# For CUDA < 8.0, comment the *_60 and *_61 lines for compatibility.
# For CUDA >= 9.0, comment the *_20 and *_21 lines for compatibility.
# CUDA_ARCH := -gencode arch=compute_20,code=sm_20 \
#		-gencode arch=compute_20,code=sm_21 \
#		-gencode arch=compute_30,code=sm_30 \
#		-gencode arch=compute_35,code=sm_35 \
#		-gencode arch=compute_50,code=sm_50 \
#		-gencode arch=compute_52,code=sm_52 \
#		-gencode arch=compute_60,code=sm_60 \
#		-gencode arch=compute_61,code=sm_61 \
#		-gencode arch=compute_61,code=compute_61

# BLAS choice:
# atlas for ATLAS (default)
# mkl for MKL
# open for OpenBlas
BLAS := atlas
# Custom (MKL/ATLAS/OpenBLAS) include and lib directories.
# Leave commented to accept the defaults for your choice of BLAS
# (which should work)!
# BLAS_INCLUDE := /path/to/your/blas
# BLAS_LIB := /path/to/your/blas

# Homebrew puts openblas in a directory that is not on the standard search path
# BLAS_INCLUDE := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/include
# BLAS_LIB := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/lib

# This is required only if you will compile the matlab interface.
# MATLAB directory should contain the mex binary in /bin.
# MATLAB_DIR := /usr/local
# MATLAB_DIR := /Applications/MATLAB_R2012b.app

# NOTE: this is required only if you will compile the python interface.
# We need to be able to find Python.h and numpy/arrayobject.h.
# PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python2.7 \
#		/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/include
# Anaconda Python distribution is quite popular. Include path:
# Verify anaconda location, sometimes it's in root.
ANACONDA_HOME := /home/pi/anaconda3
PYTHON_INCLUDE := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include \
		$(ANACONDA_HOME)/include/python3.7m \
		$(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib/python3.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include

# Uncomment to use Python 3 (default is Python 2)
PYTHON_LIBRARIES := boost_python3 python3.7m
#PYTHON_INCLUDE := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include/python3.5m \
                $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include

# We need to be able to find libpythonX.X.so or .dylib.
# PYTHON_LIB := /usr/lib
PYTHON_LIB := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib

# Homebrew installs numpy in a non standard path (keg only)
# PYTHON_INCLUDE += $(dir $(shell python -c 'import numpy.core; print(numpy.core.__file__)'))/include
# PYTHON_LIB += $(shell brew --prefix numpy)/lib

# Uncomment to support layers written in Python (will link against Python libs)
WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1

# Whatever else you find you need goes here.
INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include /usr/include/hdf5/serial
LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hdf5/serial  

# If Homebrew is installed at a non standard location (for example your home directory) and you use it for general dependencies
# INCLUDE_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/include
# LIBRARY_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/lib

# NCCL acceleration switch (uncomment to build with NCCL)
# https://github.com/NVIDIA/nccl (last tested version: v1.2.3-1+cuda8.0)
# USE_NCCL := 1

# Uncomment to use `pkg-config` to specify OpenCV library paths.
# (Usually not necessary -- OpenCV libraries are normally installed in one of the above $LIBRARY_DIRS.)
USE_PKG_CONFIG := 1

# N.B. both build and distribute dirs are cleared on `make clean`
BUILD_DIR := build
DISTRIBUTE_DIR := distribute

# Uncomment for debugging. Does not work on OSX due to https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/issues/171
# DEBUG := 1

# The ID of the GPU that 'make runtest' will use to run unit tests.
TEST_GPUID := 0

# enable pretty build (comment to see full commands)
Q ?= @

下面开始说我在编译和安装过程中遇到的错误:

一、

/usr/include/boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp:50:23: fatal error: pyconfig.h: 没有那个文件或目录
compilation terminated.
Makefile:591: recipe for target '.build_release/src/caffe/layer_factory.o' failed
make: *** [.build_release/src/caffe/layer_factory.o] Error 1

make clean
然后在终端下执行:
export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/home/pi/anaconda3/include/python3.7m
然后再make all

 

二、"make all"时,对‘inflateValidate@ZLIB_1.2.9’未定义的引用

        这个错误,是因为ubuntu16.04默认安装的是zlib_1.2.8,而且无法自动更新,用apt install命令也没用。这时候就要自己去网上下载,我按照此博文的做法,安装成功:

下载:curl -O http://www.zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
tar zxcv zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.11
./configure; make; make install

        问题解决。

三、"make runtest"时,error while loading shared libraries: libpython3.7m.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file

        按照此博文的方法,问题解决:

        报错原因:
        编译安装完成后,没有将python/lib下的文件放入默认库/usr/lib或/lib中,导致初始化时无法加载库文件。

        解决方法:
        添加库的配置信息,将python/lib的绝对路径(因为我是在anaconda环境下的python,所以我的为:

‘/home/我的用户名/anaconda3/lib’),添加至conf文件中。
        切换至/etc/ld.so.conf.d目录下,打开python3.conf文件:

cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d
vim python3.conf

        进入vim,将/usr/python/lib作为一行插入,保存退出。
        运行ldconfig命令:

sudo ldconfig

        问题解决。

四、make pycaffe成功,一切工作做完后,发现仍然不能import caffe

       

打开.bashrc:  vim ~/.bashrc
添加如下命令:
              export PYTHONPATH=/你保存caffe文件的路径/caffe/python:$PYTHONPATH
关闭.bashrc
并运行如下命令:
              source ~/.bashrc

     问题解决。

五、import时报错dateutil/rrule.py raise ValueError, "Can't create weekday with n == 0"

>>> import caffe
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/home/k/caffe/python/caffe/__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
    from .pycaffe import Net, SGDSolver, NesterovSolver, AdaGradSolver, RMSPropSolver, AdaDeltaSolver, AdamSolver, NCCL, Timer
  File "/home/k/caffe/python/caffe/pycaffe.py", line 15, in <module>
    import caffe.io
  File "/home/k/caffe/python/caffe/io.py", line 2, in <module>
    import skimage.io
  File "/home/k/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/skimage/io/__init__.py", line 15, in <module>
    reset_plugins()
  File "/home/k/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/skimage/io/manage_plugins.py", line 95, in reset_plugins
    _load_preferred_plugins()
  File "/home/k/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/skimage/io/manage_plugins.py", line 75, in _load_preferred_plugins
    _set_plugin(p_type, preferred_plugins['all'])
  File "/home/k/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/skimage/io/manage_plugins.py", line 87, in _set_plugin
    use_plugin(plugin, kind=plugin_type)
  File "/home/k/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/skimage/io/manage_plugins.py", line 258, in use_plugin
    _load(name)
  File "/home/k/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/skimage/io/manage_plugins.py", line 302, in _load
    fromlist=[modname])
  File "/home/k/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/skimage/io/_plugins/matplotlib_plugin.py", line 4, in <module>
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  File "/home/k/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 39, in <module>
    from matplotlib.figure import Figure, figaspect
  File "/home/k/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/figure.py", line 40, in <module>
    from matplotlib.axes import Axes, SubplotBase, subplot_class_factory
  File "/home/k/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/__init__.py", line 4, in <module>
    from ._subplots import *
  File "/home/k/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_subplots.py", line 10, in <module>
    from matplotlib.axes._axes import Axes
  File "/home/k/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_axes.py", line 24, in <module>
    import matplotlib.dates as _  # <-registers a date unit converter
  File "/home/k/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/dates.py", line 152, in <module>
    from dateutil.rrule import (rrule, MO, TU, WE, TH, FR, SA, SU, YEARLY,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/dateutil/rrule.py", line 55
    raise ValueError, "Can't create weekday with n == 0"
                    ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
直接执行下面一条命令就可以解决了
pip3 install python-dateutil --upgrade

感谢博主

六、-lboost_python3问题

    CXX examples/cifar10/convert_cifar_data.cpp
    AR -o .build_release/lib/libcaffe.a
    LD -o .build_release/lib/libcaffe.so.1.0.0
    /usr/bin/ld: 找不到 -lboost_python3
    collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
    Makefile:585: recipe for target '.build_release/lib/libcaffe.so.1.0.0' failed
    make: *** [.build_release/lib/libcaffe.so.1.0.0] Error 1

原因分析:

在caffe编译配置文件Makefile.config里面的PYTHON_LIBRARIES := boost_python3 python3.6m 一行中,找不到boost_python3造成的。

解决办法:

    使用的是Python3.5

进入/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ 下,查看有没有libboost_python-py3.5.so,如果有链接一下就可以了
 

sudo ln -s libboost_python-py3.5.so libboost_python3.so

感谢感谢!

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