2021-11-10 JDBC-DAO类

未优化

先写一个DAO的基类，声明为抽象类，无法用它来生成对象

import com.atguigu3.util.JDBCUtils;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;

/**
 * 封装了针对数据表的通用操作
 *
 * 声明为抽象类 不能造对象
 * **/

public abstract class BaseDAO {
    //通用增删改 2.0
    public void update(Connection conn, String sql, Object... args) {
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        try {
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
                ps.setObject(i + 1, args[i]);
            }

            ps.execute();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCUtils.closeResource(null, ps);//从外面传进来的连接，也不必关
        }
    }

    public <T> ArrayList<T> getForList(Connection conn, Class<T> cl, String sql, Object...args)
    {
        //Connection conn= null;
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;
        try {
            conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
            conn.setAutoCommit(false);
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);

            for(int i=0;i<args.length;i++)
            {
                ps.setObject(i+1,args[i]);
            }

            resultSet = ps.executeQuery();

            ResultSetMetaData metaData = resultSet.getMetaData();
            int columnCount=metaData.getColumnCount();
            //创建集合对象
            ArrayList<T> list=new ArrayList<>();
            while (resultSet.next())
            {
                //创建一个对象，属于cl类
                T t = cl.newInstance();
                for(int i=0;i<columnCount;i++) {
                    Object columnValue = resultSet.getObject(i + 1);
                    String columnLabel = metaData.getColumnLabel(i + 1);

                    Field field = cl.getDeclaredField(columnLabel);
                    field.setAccessible(true);
                    field.set(t, columnValue);
                }
                list.add(t);

            }

            return list;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
//            conn.close();
//            ps.close();
//            resultSet.close();
            JDBCUtils.closeResource(null,ps,resultSet);
        }


        return null;

    }

    public <E> E getValue(Connection conn,String sql,Object... args)
    {

        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;
        try {
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            for(int i=0;i<args.length;i++)
            {
                ps.setObject(i+1,args[i]);
            }

            resultSet = ps.executeQuery();
            if(resultSet.next())
            {
                return (E)resultSet.getObject(1);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCUtils.closeResource(null,ps,resultSet);

        }

        return null;

    }
}

针对customers表，定义接口 用于规范针对于customers表的常用操作

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * 定义针对customers表的规范
 * 此接口用于规范针对于customers表的常用操作
 * **/

public interface CustomerDAO {
    //将cust对象添加到数据库中
    void insert(Connection conn,Customer cust);

    void delete(Connection conn,int id);


    //针对内存中的cust对象，修改数据表中指定的记录
    void update(Connection conn,Customer cust);

    Customer getCustomerById(Connection conn, int id) throws Exception;

    List<Customer> getAll(Connection conn);

    Long getCount(Connection conn);

    Date getMaxBirthday(Connection conn);

}

最后新建一个CustomerDAOImpl类，可以生成对象
public class CustomerDAOImpl extends BaseDAO implements CustomerDAO

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

public class CustomerDAOImpl extends BaseDAO implements CustomerDAO{


    @Override
    public void insert(Connection conn, Customer cust) {
        String sql="insert into customers(name,email,birth)values(?,?,?)";
        update(conn,sql,cust.getName(),cust.getEmail(),cust.getBirth());
    }

    @Override
    public void delete(Connection conn, int id) {
        String sql="delete from customers where id=?";
        update(conn,sql,id);

    }

    @Override
    public void update(Connection conn, Customer cust) {
        String sql="update customers set name=?,email=?,birth=? where id=?";
        update(conn,sql,cust.getName(),cust.getEmail(),cust.getBirth(),cust.getId());
    }

    @Override
    public Customer getCustomerById(Connection conn, int id) {
        String sql="select name,email,birth from customers where id=?";
        ArrayList<Customer> list = getForList(conn, Customer.class,sql,id);
        return list.get(0);

    }

    @Override
    public List<Customer> getAll(Connection conn) {
        String sql="select name,email,birth from customers";
        ArrayList<Customer> customers=getForList(conn,Customer.class,sql);
        return customers;
    }

    @Override
    public Long getCount(Connection conn) {
        String sql="select count(*) from customers";
        Long count=getValue(conn,sql);
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Date getMaxBirthday(Connection conn) {
        String sql="select max(birth) from customers";
        Date date=getValue(conn,sql);
        return date;
    }
}

优化

把Class类参数给省略了~
综合泛型、反射的知识

import com.atguigu3.util.JDBCUtils;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;

/**
 * 封装了针对数据表的通用操作
 *
 * 声明为抽象类 不能造对象
 * **/

public abstract class BaseDAO<T> {
    private Class<T> cl=null;   //这个cl取决于子类CustomerDAO需要的类型 。在子类中，想办法调父类的属性，作赋值；但是子类中每次都要调有点麻烦，就写在父类里面吧
    
    //注意！子类中调用了以下代码块 获取父类的class
    {
        //获取当前BaseDAO的子类继承的父类中的泛型
        Type genericSuperclass = this.getClass().getGenericSuperclass(); //父类泛型
        ParameterizedType paraType=(ParameterizedType)genericSuperclass;

        Type[] typeArguments = paraType.getActualTypeArguments();//获取父类泛型参数
        cl=(Class<T>) typeArguments[0];//泛型的第一个参数
        

    }
    
    //通用增删改 2.0
    public void update(Connection conn, String sql, Object... args) {
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        try {
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
                ps.setObject(i + 1, args[i]);
            }

            ps.execute();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCUtils.closeResource(null, ps);//从外面传进来的连接，也不必关
        }
    }

    public ArrayList<T> getForList(Connection conn, String sql, Object...args)  //此时不是泛型方法了，这个T用的是父类中的泛型T
    {
        //Connection conn= null;
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;
        try {
            conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
            conn.setAutoCommit(false);
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);

            for(int i=0;i<args.length;i++)
            {
                ps.setObject(i+1,args[i]);
            }

            resultSet = ps.executeQuery();

            ResultSetMetaData metaData = resultSet.getMetaData();
            int columnCount=metaData.getColumnCount();
            //创建集合对象
            ArrayList<T> list=new ArrayList<>();
            while (resultSet.next())
            {
                //创建一个对象，属于cl类
                T t = cl.newInstance();
                for(int i=0;i<columnCount;i++) {
                    Object columnValue = resultSet.getObject(i + 1);
                    String columnLabel = metaData.getColumnLabel(i + 1);

                    Field field = cl.getDeclaredField(columnLabel);
                    field.setAccessible(true);
                    field.set(t, columnValue);
                }
                list.add(t);

            }

            return list;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
//            conn.close();
//            ps.close();
//            resultSet.close();
            JDBCUtils.closeResource(null,ps,resultSet);
        }


        return null;

    }

    public  T getValue(Connection conn,String sql,Object... args)
    {

        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;
        try {
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            for(int i=0;i<args.length;i++)
            {
                ps.setObject(i+1,args[i]);
            }

            resultSet = ps.executeQuery();
            if(resultSet.next())
            {
                return (T)resultSet.getObject(1);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JDBCUtils.closeResource(null,ps,resultSet);

        }

        return null;

    }
}