C++下的多态

参考：

C++虚函数理解（一）   https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39746351/article/details/77922554

 关于C++对象继承中的内存布局示例详解            https://www.jb51.net/article/120341.htm

C++之多态的原理及其分析 https://blog.csdn.net/derkampf/article/details/62046205

多态分为两种：
在 C + + 中 , 编译时 多态性是通过函数重载和运算符重载实现的。
在 C + + 中 , 运行时多态性是通过继承和虚函数来实现的

多态性可以简单概括为“一个接口，多种行为”。每个对象可以用自己的方式去响应共同的消息，即用相同的代码实现不同的动作

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

// C_Plus_Plus_VS.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//


#include <iostream>


using namespace std;

class Shape//形状类  (一个接口)
{
public:
    double calcArea()
    {
        cout << "calcArea" << endl;
        return 0;
    }
};

class Circle :public Shape      //公有继承自形状类的圆形类
{
public:
    Circle(double r);
    double calcArea();
private:
    double m_dR;
};

 Circle::Circle(double r)
 {
     m_dR=r;
 }

double Circle::calcArea()
{

    cout << "circle_calcArea="<<3.14*m_dR*m_dR<<endl;

    return 3.14*m_dR*m_dR;
}

class Rect :public Shape       //公有继承自形状类的矩形类
{
public:
    Rect(double width, double height);
    double calcArea();
private:
    double m_dWidth;
    double m_dHeight;
};

 Rect::Rect(double width, double height)
 {
     m_dWidth=width;
     m_dHeight=height;
 }
double Rect::calcArea()
{

    cout << "rect_calcArea="<<m_dWidth*m_dHeight<< endl;

    return m_dWidth*m_dHeight;
}
int main()
{
    Shape *circle = new Circle(4.0);
    Shape *rect = new Rect(3.0, 5.0);
    circle->calcArea();
    rect->calcArea();




    return 0;
}

结果：

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

// C_Plus_Plus_VS.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//


#include <iostream>


using namespace std;

class Shape//形状类  (一个接口)
{
public:
 virtual double calcArea()
    {
        cout << "calcArea" << endl;
        return 0;
    }
};

class Circle :public Shape      //公有继承自形状类的圆形类
{
public:
    Circle(double r);
   virtual double calcArea();
private:
    double m_dR;
};

 Circle::Circle(double r)
 {
     m_dR=r;
 }

double Circle::calcArea()
{

    cout << "circle_calcArea="<<3.14*m_dR*m_dR<<endl;

    return 3.14*m_dR*m_dR;
}

class Rect :public Shape       //公有继承自形状类的矩形类
{
public:
    Rect(double width, double height);
  virtual  double calcArea();
private:
    double m_dWidth;
    double m_dHeight;
};

 Rect::Rect(double width, double height)
 {
     m_dWidth=width;
     m_dHeight=height;
 }
double Rect::calcArea()
{

    cout << "rect_calcArea="<<m_dWidth*m_dHeight<< endl;

    return m_dWidth*m_dHeight;
}
int main()
{
    Shape *circle = new Circle(4.0);
    Shape *rect = new Rect(3.0, 5.0);
    circle->calcArea();
    rect->calcArea();




    return 0;
}

 结果：