Python 魔法方法(双下划线方法）

一：__init__、__len__、__getitem__

import collections
Card = collections.namedtuple('Card', ['rank', 'suit'])
class FrenchDeck:
    ranks = [str(n) for n in range(2, 11)] + list('JQKA')
    suits = 'spades diamonds clubs hearts'.split()
    def __init__(self):
        self._cards = [Card(rank, suit) for suit in self.suits
                                        for rank in self.ranks]
        print(self._cards)
    def __len__(self):
        print("len")
        return len(self._cards)
    def __getitem__(self, position):
        print("getitem")
        return self._cards[position]
print(Card('7', 'diamonds'))
deck = FrenchDeck()  # 执行__init__方法
print(len(deck))  # 执行__len__方法
print(deck[0])  # 执行__grtitem__ 方法
print(deck[:3])  # 执行__grtitem__ 方法

# 可迭代
for card in deck: # 执行__grtitem__ 方法
    print(card)

二：__repr__、__abs__、__bool__、__add__、__mul__

from math import hypot

class Vector:
    def __init__(self,x=0,y=0):
        print("__init__")
        self.x = x
        self.y = y

    def __repr__(self):
        print("__repr__")
        return 'Vector(%r,%r)' %(self.x, self.y)

    def __abs__(self):
        print("__abs__")
        return hypot(self.x,self.y)

    # def __bool__(self):
    #     print("__bool__")
    #     return bool(abs(self))

    #另外一种实现方法
    def __bool__(self):
        print("__bool__")
        return bool(self.x or self.y)

    def __add__(self, other):
        print("__add__")
        x = self.x + other.x
        y = self.y + other.y
        return Vector(x, y)

    def __mul__(self, scalar):
        print("__mul__")
        return Vector(self.x * scalar, self.y * scalar)


v1 = Vector(2,3)
v2 = Vector(1,5)
print(abs(v1))
print(v1+v2)
print(v1*2)
print(bool(v1))

output:

__init__
__init__
__abs__
3.605551275463989
__add__
__init__
__repr__
Vector(3,8)
__mul__
__init__
__repr__
Vector(4,6)
__bool__
True