JPA-映射单向多对一的关联关系

一张客户表,一张订单表.  一个客户可以有多个订单,一个订单只能有一个客户,订单与客户就是单向多对一的关系

@Entity
@Table(name="orders")
public class Order {

    private Integer id;
    private String ordername;
    private Customer customer;
    
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getOrdername() {
        return ordername;
    }
    public void setOrdername(String ordername) {
        this.ordername = ordername;
    }
    
    //映射单向多对一的关联关系
    //使用@ManyTOOne来映射多对一的关联关系
    //使用@JoinColumn来映射外键
    //使用@ManyToOne的fetch属性来修改默认的关联属性的加载策略
    @ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.LAZY)
    @JoinColumn(name="customer_id")
    public Customer getCustomer() {
        return customer;
    }
    public void setCustomer(Customer customer) {
        this.customer = customer;
    }
}

ManyToOne的CRUD

public class JPATest {

    private EntityManager entityManager;
    private EntityTransaction transaction;
    private EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        entityManagerFactory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("jpa-1");
        entityManager = entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
        transaction = entityManager.getTransaction();
        transaction.begin();
    }

    @After
    public void destroy() {
        transaction.commit();
        entityManager.close();
        entityManagerFactory.close();
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testManyToOneUpdate(){
        Order order = entityManager.find(Order.class, 1);
        order.getCustomer().setLastname("xiaoming");
    }
    
    //不能直接删除1的一端,因为有外键约束
    @Test
    public void testManyToOneRemove(){
//        Order order = entityManager.find(Order.class, 2);
//       entityManager.remove(order);
        Customer customer = entityManager.find(Customer.class, 1);
        entityManager.remove(customer);
    }
    
    //默认情况下使用左外连接的方式来获取n的一端的对象和其关联的1的一端的对象
    //可使用@ManyToOne的fetch属性来修改默认的关联属性的加载策略
    @Test
    public void testManyToOneFind(){
        Order order = entityManager.find(Order.class, 1);
        System.out.println(order.getOrdername());
        System.out.println(order.getCustomer().getLastname());
    }
    
    
    //保存多对一时,建议先保存1的一端,再保存n的一端,这样不会多出额外的update语句
    @Test
    public void testManyToOnePersist(){
        Customer customer = new Customer();
        customer.setAge(11);
        customer.setBirthday(new Date());
        customer.setCreattime(new Date());
        customer.setEmail("jiang@163.com");
        customer.setLastname("jiang");
        
        Order o1=new Order();
        o1.setOrdername("AAA");
        Order o2=new Order();
        o2.setOrdername("BBB");
        //设置关联属性
        o1.setCustomer(customer);
        o2.setCustomer(customer);
        //执行保存操作
        entityManager.persist(customer);
        entityManager.persist(o1);
        entityManager.persist(o2);
        
    }
}