自学Servlet的回顾（1/2）

Servlet接口实现类开发流程

1、什么是Servlet？
Servlet是java为浏览器开发动态资源文件的接口。

2、Servlet开发流程：
（1）首先要实现HttpServlet接口，为什么不直接实现Servlet接口？因为Servlet接口中有很多用不到的方法，比较繁琐，就继承了Servlet的子接口HttpServlet。
（2）然后重写HttpServlet接口中的doGet和doPost方法。

public class Test extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("浏览器以get请求方式进行请求数据");
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("浏览器以post请求方式进行请求数据");
    }
}

（3）最后将这个接口实现类注册到web.xml中。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>Test</servlet-name>//Servlet别名
        <servlet-class>Test</servlet-class>//Servlet类路径
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>Test</servlet-name>//Servlet别名
        <url-pattern>/test</url-pattern>//Servlet资源名
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

3、Servlet对象生命周期：
在Http服务器接受到来自浏览器的请求对象为这个接口实现类资源的时候，自动生成Servlet实例对象。
如何手动创建（服务器启动就创建）：

<load-on-startup>8</load-on-startp>//填写一个大于0的整数就可以

一个Servlet接口实现类只能创建一个Servlet对象。
在Http服务器关闭时，自动销毁所有Servlet对象。

Servlet中请求对象和响应对象

1、请求对象HttpServletRequest request
请求对象负责处理请求协议包中的信息。
请求对象的常用方法：

String url=request.getRequestURL().toString();//通过请求对象获得url（完整的地址栏的地址）
String method=request.getMethod();//通过请求对象获得getMethod（GET/POST） 
String uri=request.getRequestURI();//通过请求对象获得uri（网站名/资源文件）
Enumeration<String> c=request.getParameterNames();//通过请求对象获得所有的参数名称存放到枚举中
while (c.hasMoreElements()){
            String c2=c.nextElement();//获得枚举中下一个请求参数中的数据变量名
            String c3=request.getParameter(c2);//获得请求参数中的变量对应的数据
        }

2、响应对象HttpServletResponse response
响应对象负责返回给浏览器的资源信息。
响应对象的常用方法：

PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();//创建打印输出实例对象
out.write("hello");//打印到浏览器上（这种方式打印只识别字符串）
out.println();//打印到浏览器上
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");//设置响应对象对响应体的解析样式
out.write("hello<br>world");
String url="http://www.1111.com";
response.sendRedirect(url);//响应体响应url，转到相应的地址

3、请求对象和响应对象的生命周期？
只要Http发送过来一个请求协议包，浏览器就会自动生成req对象和res对象
在doGet方法和doPost方法运行的时候，需要确保这两个对象正确传过来
在Http服务器准备推送Http响应协议包之前，负责将本次生成的req对象和res对象销毁

JDBC+Servlet+Html的基本用户信息管理网站

JDBC工具类：

public class JDBCG {
    static {
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
    public static Connection conn() throws SQLException {
        ResourceBundle resourceBundle=ResourceBundle.getBundle("jdbc");
        String url=resourceBundle.getString("url");
        String user=resourceBundle.getString("user");
        String password=resourceBundle.getString("password");
        return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
    }
    public static void over(ResultSet set,Statement statement,Connection connection){
        if(set!=null){
            try {
                set.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if(statement!=null){
            try {
                statement.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if(connection!=null){
            try {
                connection.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

用户工具类：

public class UserDML {
    public static void Useradd(Users users){
        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement statement=null;
        ResultSet set=null;
        try {
            connection=JDBCG.conn();
            String sql="insert into zhangjin(username,password,sex,email)values (?,?,?,?)";
             statement=connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            statement.setString(1,users.getUsername());
            statement.setString(2,users.getPassword());
            statement.setString(3,users.getSex());
            statement.setString(4,users.getEmail());
            statement.executeUpdate();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            JDBCG.over(set,statement,connection);
        }
    }
    public static List Userfind(){
        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement statement=null;
        ResultSet set=null;
        List list=new ArrayList();
        try {
            connection=JDBCG.conn();
            String sql="select * from zhangjin";
            statement=connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            set=statement.executeQuery();
            while (set.next()){
                Integer userId=set.getInt("userId");
                String username=set.getString("username");
                String password1=set.getString("password");
                String sex=set.getString("sex");
                String email=set.getString("email");
                Users users=new Users(userId,password1,username,sex,email);
                list.add(users);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            JDBCG.over(set,statement,connection);
        }
        return list;
    }
    public static void Userdelete(String id){
        Connection connection=null;
        PreparedStatement statement=null;
        ResultSet set=null;
        try {
            connection=JDBCG.conn();
            String sql="delete from zhangjin where userId=?";
            statement=connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            statement.setString(1,id);
            statement.executeUpdate();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally {
            JDBCG.over(set,statement,connection);
        }
    }
    public static boolean equal(String username,String password1) {
        boolean a=false;
        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement statement=null;
        ResultSet resultSet=null;
        try {
            connection=JDBCG.conn();
            connection.setAutoCommit(false);
            String sql="select * from zhangjin where username=? and password=?";
            PreparedStatement preparedStatement=connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            preparedStatement.setString(1,username);
            preparedStatement.setString(2,password1);
            resultSet=preparedStatement.executeQuery();
            if(resultSet.next()){
                a=true;
            }
            connection.commit();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            if(connection!=null){
                try {
                    connection.rollback();
                } catch (SQLException ex) {
                    ex.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }finally {
            JDBCG.over(resultSet,statement,connection);
        }
        return a;
    }
}

用户类：

public class Users {
    private Integer userId;
    private String password;
    private String username;
    private String sex;
    private String email;

    public Users(Integer userId, String password, String username, String sex, String email) {
        this.userId = userId;
        this.password = password;
        this.username = username;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.email = email;
    }

    public Integer getUserId() {
        return userId;
    }

    public void setUserId(Integer userId) {
        this.userId = userId;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    public Users() {
    }
}

添加用户信息：

public class Addusers extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        Enumeration<String> c=request.getParameterNames();
        Map<String,String> s=new HashMap<>();
        while (c.hasMoreElements()) {
            String c2 = c.nextElement();
            String c3 = request.getParameter(c2);
            s.put(c2,c3);
        }
        Users users=new Users(null,s.get("password"),s.get("username"),s.get("sex"),s.get("email"));
        UserDML.Useradd(users);
        String result="注册成功";
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
        out.write(result);
    }
}

用户登录：

public class Loginusers extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        String username=request.getParameter("username");
        String password=request.getParameter("password");
        Boolean a=UserDML.equal(username,password);
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
        if(a){
            response.sendRedirect("http://localhost:8080/_war_exploded/Find");
        }else {
            response.sendRedirect("http://localhost:8080/_war_exploded/shibai.html");
        }
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}

用户删除

public class Loginusers extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        String username=request.getParameter("username");
        String password=request.getParameter("password");
        Boolean a=UserDML.equal(username,password);
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
        if(a){
            HttpSession httpSession=request.getSession();
            response.sendRedirect("http://localhost/_war_exploded/Find");
        }else {
            response.sendRedirect("http://localhost/_war_exploded/shibai.html");
        }
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}

数据库查看：

public class Findusers extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter printWriter=response.getWriter();
        List<Users> list=UserDML.Userfind();
        printWriter.print("<center>");
        printWriter.print("<table border=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#7fffd4\">");
        printWriter.print("<tr>");
        printWriter.print("<td>id</td>");
        printWriter.print("<td>用户名</td>");
        printWriter.print("<td>密码</td>");
        printWriter.print("<td>性别</td>");
        printWriter.print("<td>邮箱</td>");
        printWriter.print("<td>删除</td>");
        printWriter.print("</tr>");
        for(Users users:list){
            printWriter.print("<tr>");
            printWriter.print("<td>"+users.getUserId()+"</td>");
            printWriter.print("<td>"+users.getUsername()+"</td>");
            printWriter.print("<td>"+users.getPassword()+"</td>");
            printWriter.print("<td>"+users.getSex()+"</td>");
            printWriter.print("<td>"+users.getEmail()+"</td>");
            printWriter.print("<td><a href=\"http://192.168.31.219:8080/_war_exploded/Find2?userid="+users.getUserId()+"\">删除</a></td>");
            printWriter.print("</tr>");
        }
        printWriter.print("</table>");
        printWriter.print("</center>");
    }
}

注：html和mysql数据库没有添加，需自行添加。

状态码的分类

状态码存在于响应协议包中的状态行中，它代表浏览器如何处理响应的数据，状态码由3位数组成。
常见的状态码分类：
（1）以1开头的状态码：代表改资源是一个不完整的资源，资源中存在2次调用。
（2）以2开头的状态码：代表是一个完整的资源文件。
（3）以3开头的状态码：定位的不是资源，而是地址。
（4）以4开头的状态码：无法定位到资源或者定位到资源但是无法获取。
（5）以5开头的状态码：能够访问到资源，但是服务端代码有异常。

欢迎资源文件

默认欢迎资源文件：可以修改html文件为index.html或者修改web.xml欢迎界面规则

<welcome-file-list>
	<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
	<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
	<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>