LeetCode 实践练习46-50

最新推荐文章于 2019-04-03 11:00:31 发布

Fenta01

最新推荐文章于 2019-04-03 11:00:31 发布

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LeetCode—46(全排列)

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方法一:跟77题(组合项)类似,解法基本相同,利用递归DFS来求解.这里我们需要用到一个visited数组来标记某个数字是否访问过,然后在DFS递归函数的循环应从头开始.
C++代码:

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> permute(vector<int>& num) {
        vector<vector<int>> res;
        vector<int> out, visited(num.size(), 0);
        permuteDFS(num, 0, visited, out, res);
        return res;
    }
    void permuteDFS(vector<int>& num, int level, vector<int>& visited, vector<int>& out, vector<vector<int>>& res) {
        if (level == num.size()) {res.push_back(out); return;}
        for (int i = 0; i < num.size(); ++i) {
            if (visited[i] == 1) continue;
            visited[i] = 1;
            out.push_back(num[i]);
            permuteDFS(num, level + 1, visited, out, res);
            out.pop_back();
            visited[i] = 0;
        }
    }
};

方法二:用了STL的内置函数 next_permutation()，专门就是用来返回下一个全排列，耳边又回响起了诸葛孔明的名言，我从未见过如此…投机取巧…的解法！

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> permute(vector<int>& num) {
        vector<vector<int>> res;
        sort(num.begin(), num.end());
        res.push_back(num);
        while (next_permutation(num.begin(), num.end())) {
            res.push_back(num);
        }
        return res;
    }
};

LeetCode—47(全排列II)

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方法:一定要能弄清楚递归函数的for循环中两个if的剪枝的意思。注意看这里面的 skipped 1 表示的是第一个if剪枝起作用的地方，skipped 2 表示的是第二个if剪枝起作用的地方。我们主要关心的是第二个if剪枝，那么看上方第一个蓝色标记的那行，再上面的红色一行表示在 level = 1, i = 1 时递归调用结束后，恢复到起始状态，那么此时 out 数组中只有一个1，后面的2已经被pop_back()了，当然对应visited值也重置为0了，这种情况下我们需要剪枝，当然不能再一次把2往里加，因为这种情况在递归中已经加入到结果res中了，所以到了 level = 1, i = 2 的状态时，nums[i] == nums[i-1] && visited[i-1] == 0 的条件满足了，我们的剪枝就起作用了，这种重复的情况就被剪掉了。

level = 0, i = 0 => out: {}
level = 1, i = 0 => out: {1 } skipped 1
level = 1, i = 1 => out: {1 }
level = 2, i = 0 => out: {1 2 } skipped 1
level = 2, i = 1 => out: {1 2 } skipped 1
level = 2, i = 2 => out: {1 2 }
level = 3 => saved  {1 2 2}
level = 3, i = 0 => out: {1 2 2 } skipped 1
level = 3, i = 1 => out: {1 2 2 } skipped 1
level = 3, i = 2 => out: {1 2 2 } skipped 1
level = 2, i = 2 => out: {1 2 2 } -> {1 2 } recovered
level = 1, i = 1 => out: {1 2 } -> {1 } recovered
level = 1, i = 2 => out: {1 } skipped 2
level = 0, i = 0 => out: {1 } -> {} recovered
level = 0, i = 1 => out: {}
level = 1, i = 0 => out: {2 }
level = 2, i = 0 => out: {2 1 } skipped 1
level = 2, i = 1 => out: {2 1 } skipped 1
level = 2, i = 2 => out: {2 1 }
level = 3 => saved  {1 2 2}
level = 3, i = 0 => out: {2 1 2 } skipped 1
level = 3, i = 1 => out: {2 1 2 } skipped 1
level = 3, i = 2 => out: {2 1 2 } skipped 1
level = 2, i = 2 => out: {2 1 2 } -> {2 1 } recovered
level = 1, i = 0 => out: {2 1 } -> {2 } recovered
level = 1, i = 1 => out: {2 } skipped 1
level = 1, i = 2 => out: {2 }
level = 2, i = 0 => out: {2 2 }
level = 3 => saved  {1 2 2}
level = 3, i = 0 => out: {2 2 1 } skipped 1
level = 3, i = 1 => out: {2 2 1 } skipped 1
level = 3, i = 2 => out: {2 2 1 } skipped 1
level = 2, i = 0 => out: {2 2 1 } -> {2 2 } recovered
level = 2, i = 1 => out: {2 2 } skipped 1
level = 2, i = 2 => out: {2 2 } skipped 1
level = 1, i = 2 => out: {2 2 } -> {2 } recovered
level = 0, i = 1 => out: {2 } -> {} recovered
level = 0, i = 2 => out: {} skipped 2

C++代码:

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> permuteUnique(vector<int>& nums) {
        vector<vector<int>> res;
        vector<int> out, visited(nums.size(), 0);
        sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
        permuteUniqueDFS(nums, 0, visited, out, res);
        return res;
    }
    void permuteUniqueDFS(vector<int>& nums, int level, vector<int>& visited, vector<int>& out, vector<vector<int>>& res) {
        if (level >= nums.size()) {res.push_back(out); return;}
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); ++i) {
            if (visited[i] == 1) continue;
            if (i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i - 1] && visited[i - 1] == 0) continue;
            visited[i] = 1;
            out.push_back(nums[i]);
            permuteUniqueDFS(nums, level + 1, visited, out, res);
            out.pop_back();
            visited[i] = 0;
        }
    }
};

LeetCode—48(旋转图像)

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方法:首先从对角线/的方向进行翻转,然后再以x轴中先上下翻转即可得到结果.
C++代码:

class Solution {
public:
    void rotate(vector<vector<int> > &matrix) {
        int n = matrix.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < n - i; ++j) {
                swap(matrix[i][j], matrix[n - 1- j][n - 1 - i]);
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n / 2; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
                swap(matrix[i][j], matrix[n - 1 - i][j]);
            }
        }
    }
};

LeetCode—49(字母异位分组)

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方法:如何判断两者是错位词呢,我们发现如果把错位词的字符顺序重新排列，那么会得到相同的结果，所以重新排序是判断是否互为错位词的方法，由于错位词重新排序后都会得到相同的字符串，我们以此作为key，将所有错位词都保存到字符串数组中，建立key和字符串数组之间的映射，最后再存入结果res中即可.
C++代码:

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<string>> groupAnagrams(vector<string>& strs) {
        vector<vector<string>> res;
        unordered_map<string,vector<string>> m;
        for(string str : strs){
            string t = str;
            sort(t.begin(),t.end());
            m[t].push_back(str);
        }
        for(auto a : m){
            res.push_back(a.second);//second没懂  应该是a的字符串数组.
        }
        return res;
    }
};

LeetCode—50(Pow(x,n))

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方法:我们让i初始化为n，然后看i是否是2的倍数，是的话x乘以自己，否则res乘以x，i每次循环缩小一半，直到为0停止循环。最后看n的正负，如果为负，返回其倒数.
C++代码:

class Solution {
public:
    double myPow(double x, int n) {
        double res = 1.0;
        for (int i = n; i != 0; i /= 2) {
            if (i % 2 != 0) res *= x;
            x *= x;
        }
        return n < 0 ? 1 / res : res;
    }
};