It’s not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, 1 ,to understand their negative consequences. Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. 2 one and the others become distorted. (翻译: 给员工设立目标不难,然而要理解他们的负面后果就难得多。大多数与工作相关的行为都有多个组成部分,强调其中一个,那剩下的就会变得扭曲。 )
| 1. [A] therefore(因此) | [B] however (然而) | [C] again (又,再) | [D] moreover(而且,表递进) |
| 2. [A] Emphasize (强调) | [B] Identify (识别,鉴定) | [C] Assess (评估) | [D] Explain(解释) |
[1] B 解析:第一句话提到“为员工设定目标并不难”,与后面出现的“much harder”是转折关系。 所以从4个选项中选有转折关系的,那就是B.
[2] A 解析: 由空格后的and可知,前后的语义是并列关系。但是后面出现了distorted这个词,有明显的负面情绪色彩。所以空格处填的词也应该带有情绪色彩,而BCD选项都是中性词,故而排除法选A,而且A加进去以后,句子读起来也很通顺
Travel on a London bus and you’ll 3 see how this works with drivers.Watch people get on and show their tickets.Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying ? Of course! Are there inspectors to 4 that people have paid? Possibly, but very few.And people who run for the bus? They are 5 . How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.(翻译:乘坐伦敦的公交车,你很快就会看到这是如何在司机的工作中起作用的。观察一下人们上车并出示车票的场景,他们真的被仔细检查过了吗?从来没有,人们不付钱就可以上车吗?当然可以!公交车上有检票员检査人们是否已付款吗?.有可能有,但很少。那些跑着赶公交车的人呢?他们会被忽略。那闯红灯呢?.公交车闯红灯的频率几乎与骑自行车的人一样高。 )
| 3. [A] nearly (几乎) | [B] curiously (好奇地) | [C] eagerly(急切地,渴望的) | [D] quickly(迅速地) |
| 4. [A] claim(声称) | [B] prove (证明) | [C] check (检查) | [D] recall(回想起) |
| 5. [A] threatened(受威胁) | [B] ignored (被忽视) | [C] mocked (被欺骗) | [D] blamed (被责怪) |
[3] D,you’ll 3 see 这个空格位,我们把ABCD四个选项都带进去读,很显然D更通顺,也符合语义,其他选项简直弱爆了。
[4] C, 空格前的inspectors是“检查员”的意思,那检查员的任务肯定是检票啊,所以本空格处就填check
[5]B, 我们先要搞清楚空格前的they是指什么?很显然是指向上句中的people,也就是乘客。所以空格处填ignored,则they are ignored代表,乘客被忽略。
Why? Because the target is (6) . People complained that buses were late and infrequent. __ ( 7) ,the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were (8) or punished according to the time they took .And drivers hit these targets. But they (9) hit cyclists. If the target was changed to( 10). you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more_ (11) drivers who obeyed traffic laws.But both these criteria would be at the expense of time. (翻译:为什么?因为目标是准时,人们抱怨公交车晚点,班次稀少。因此,公交车和公交车专用道的数量增加了,而且根据所用时间,司机会得到奖励或受到惩罚,司机们达到了他们的目标,他们也会撞到骑自行车的人。如果把目标改成“”“收入”,那么检票员就会更多,定价也会更加谨慎敏感。如果把标准改为安全, 就会有更多小心谨慎的、遵守交通法规的司机.但这两个标准都将以牺牲时I可为代价。)
| 6. [A] punctuality (准时) | [B] hospitality (热情好客) | [C] competition (竞争,比赛) | [D]innovation (创新,改革) |
| 7. [A] Yet (然而,但是) | [B] So (因此,所以) | [C] Besides (此外,再说) | [D] Still(仍然依旧) |
| 8. [A] hired (租用,借用) | [B] trained (训练) | [C] rewarded (奖赏报答) | [D] grouped(组合,集合,聚集) |
| 9.[A] only (仅仅,只) | [B] rather (宁愿,而是) | [C]once (一旦;一次;曾经) | [D] also (也,同样) |
| 10.[A] comfort (安慰) | [B] revenue(收入) | [C] efficiency(效率) | [D] security(安全) |
| 11.[A] friendly (友善地) | [B] quiet (安静的) | [C]cautious(小心的) | [D] diligent (勤奋的) |
[6] A,通过后面句子有late和infrequent这两个词,而且这两个词都是跟时间维度相关 所以本题所选词也应该围绕着时间维度。 而B,C,D选项完全不沾边,所以直接排除
[7] B [解析]由were late and infrequent到buses and bus lanes were increased的转变可知,可知由因果关系。所以选项[B]正确。
[8] C, drivers were (8) or punished,这里的(8)和后面的punished形成对比。互为相反含义。 所以与punished对应的反义词那就是奖赏,所以本题选C
[9] D, [解析]考香上下语境分析。由前后句子中的hit 重复出现,而接替的对象不同,一个是targets, 一个是cyelists,所以选项[D]符合题意。
[10] B,[解析]从后面那一句中的 more inspectors (用于检票) and s more sensitive pricing都指向金钱,由此可以确定选项[B]符合题意。“
[11]C,前一句强调了safety。而本题空格处的形容词是来修饰司机的。那怎么样的司机才算是安全司机呢?当然是越谨慎小心越好吗,所以选C
There is another 12 : people became immensely inventive in hitting targets. Have you 13 that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a 14 is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now billed as a two-hour flight. (翻译:这里还有另一个问题:为了达到目标,人们变得非常有创意。你有没有注意到,晚了一个小时起飞,但仍能准时到达。因为顺风吗?当然不!航空公司只是改变了旅程原本应该花费的时间。 —个小时的旅程现在按两个小时收费。 )
| 12.[A] purpose (意图) | [B] problem (问题) | [C] prejudice (偏见) | [D] policy (政策,方针) |
| 13.[A] reported (报道) | [B] revealed (揭示) | [C] admitted (承认) | [D] noticed (注意到) |
| 14.[A] break (休息,间歇) | [B] trip(旅行) | [C] departure(离开,出发,启程) | [D] transfer(转移) |
[12]B,[解析]考查上下语境分析。由another一词可知下面阐述与上面的本质相同, 上面就在分析诸多问题,下文必然与之相对.]
[13]D. 空格后面的that引导的从句是you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time。主语是you,你自己。 是你自己的事情。 所以ABC都不符合,应该是你自己注意到你自己的事情才对
[14] B. [解析]本题难度较大,因为departure带来的干扰。区别的关键在于 take-词。 Take表示花费,比如: it takes some time to do;既然要花费时间,必然是一个过程(线段属性) ;因此选项C (起飞或起航)仅仅是一个瞬间动作(点属性), 所以选项B符合题意。
The 15 of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well 16 others. Everything can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a 17. Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences. (翻译:故事的寓意很简单,大多数工作都是多维的,有多个标准。当你选择一个标准以后,你很可能会牺牲其他的标准。每一件事情都能被做的很快、成本很低,但是这是有代价的。设定目标可能而且确实会产生不可预见的负面后果。 )
| 15.[A]moral (adj 道德的, n 品行,寓意) | [B] background(背景) | [C] style (风格) | [D] form(形式) |
| 16.[A] interpret (口译,解释) | [B] criticize(批评,批判) | [C] sacrifice(牺牲,舍弃) | [D] tolerate(容忍,允许) |
| 17. [A]task (任务) | [B] secret(秘诀) | [C] product(产品) | [D] cost(花费) |
[15]A [解析] 语境题。the story指代前文航空公司为准时到达而修改航班实际时长,本句是对该故 事的总结。A项moral (寓意)与story组成“the moral of the story",意为“该故事的寓意”,符合原 文语义。本题答案为A。
[16]C [解析]逻辑关系题。one 和others提示对比,and 前后内容语义相反。而且,本句与前一句 所组成的结构“Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well 16 others" 与首段最后两句的结构Most work-related behaviors have multiple components 2 one and the others become distorted相似,语义也相近。借助首段对应部分的 the others become distorted 可知,C项符合原文逻辑关系,即:选择-一个标准,你可能就要牺牲 另一个。本题答案为C项。
[17] [解析]逻辑关系题。本句中的but提示前后语义相反。由前半句Everything can be done faster and made cheaper (每件事都可以完成得很快,成本很低)可知,D项cost (代价)符合原文逻辑 关系,即:但这是有代价的。本题答案为D项。
This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument tor exploring consequences first. AlI good targets should have multiple criteria 18 critical factors such as time, money, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to_ 19 just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better_ 20 the objective.
(翻译:这并不是反对设定目标的理由。 但却是一个最早探索后果的论据。所有好的目标都应该有多个标准,这些标准与时间、金钱、质量和客户反馈等关键因素相关。诀窍就在于不仅要明确目标的一个甚至两个方面,而且要明白如何帮助人们 更好地实现目标。 )
| 18.[A]leading to (导致) | [B] calling for (呼吁) | [C] relating to (与...有关) | [D] accounting for(占比例,导致) |
| 19.[A] specify (详述,详列,明确,具体化) | [B] predict(预测) | [C] restore(恢复,修复) | [D] create (创造) |
| 20.[A] modify (改变) | [B] review (复习) | [C] present(展示) | [D] achieve(实现) |
[18]C [解析]语境题。本题考查连接multiple criteria和critical factors 的形容词短语语义。比较各选项语义,A项leadingto(导致),B项callingfor(要求),C项relatingto(关于)和D项accountingfor (对....作出解释),可知,C项符合原文语义,即,所有好的目标都应具有与关键因素(如时间、 金钱、质量和用户反馈)相关的多个标准。本题答案为C项。
[19]A, [解析]逻辑关系题。not only .. but also提示递进关系,借助understand可知,先确定目标 才能进一-步理解目标,所以A项specify (明确规定)符合原文逻辑关系,即,诀窍是不仅要确定 目标的一个甚至两个方面,而且要理解....本题答案为A项。.
[20]D,[解析]语境题。比较各项语义,A项modify (修改),B项review (复习)和C项present (展示)和D项achieve(实现),可知D项最符合原文语义,即,实现目标( achieve the objective)。 本题答案为D。

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