Linux运维之道1-2章

最新推荐文章于 2021-03-16 13:53:30 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-03-16 13:53:30 发布

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1.监控CPU使用情况-----uptime命令

[root@VM_0_7_centos tmp]# uptime 
 14:07:20 up 3 days,  5:20,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.02, 0.05

CPU负载最近一分钟，五分钟，15分钟

2.监控内存及交换分区的使用情况-----free命令

[root@VM_0_7_centos tmp]# free 
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:        1882356      745472       80116        1304     1056768      929172
Swap:             0           0           0

3.监控磁盘的使用情况----df命令

-h人性化方式显示容量信息。

[root@VM_0_7_centos tmp]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1        50G  6.0G   41G  13% /
devtmpfs        909M     0  909M   0% /dev
tmpfs           920M   24K  920M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs           920M  628K  919M   1% /run
tmpfs           920M     0  920M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs           184M     0  184M   0% /run/user/0
overlay          50G  6.0G   41G  13% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/6e53b80373167a4be3066590a0c4d38a141c11524b8cdfcab335970e59ef1eea/merged
shm              64M     0   64M   0% /var/lib/docker/containers/d74d82661514205d6e1ac56574724277400a26a3095aca4497dad5bf8039816d/shm

4.监控网络使用情况----ip和Netscaler命令

查看网卡流量信息

[root@VM_0_7_centos tmp]# ip -s link show eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:2d:1d:06 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    RX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast   
    1167041560 2918929  0       0       0       0       
    TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns 
    538627637  2546027  0       0       0       0       
[root@VM_0_7_centos tmp]#

[root@VM_0_7_centos tmp]# netstat -nltpu
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:1000            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      9877/sshd           
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      3243/mysqld         
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2859/httpd          
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:10050           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2966/zabbix_agentd  
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:10051           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      3215/zabbix_server  
tcp6       0      0 :::8080                 :::*                    LISTEN      13402/docker-proxy- 
tcp6       0      0 :::50000                :::*                    LISTEN      13391/docker-proxy- 
tcp6       0      0 :::10050                :::*                    LISTEN      2966/zabbix_agentd  
tcp6       0      0 :::10051                :::*                    LISTEN      3215/zabbix_server  
udp        0      0 172.17.0.7:123          0.0.0.0:*                           2503/ntpd           
udp        0      0 127.0.0.1:123           0.0.0.0:*                           2503/ntpd

5.监控进程使用情况-----ps和top命令

查看当前进程

ps -e/ ps - aux

动态查看进程

top

6.网络故障工具

ping、tracetoute、nslookup、dig、netstat

[root@VM_0_7_centos ~]# cat /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:997:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
libstoragemgmt:x:998:996:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin
abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
chrony:x:997:995::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
syslog:x:996:994::/home/syslog:/bin/false
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
zabbix:x:995:993:Zabbix Monitoring System:/var/lib/zabbix:/sbin/nologin
mysql:x:27:27:MariaDB Server:/var/lib/mysql:/sbin/nologin
ftpuser:x:1000:50::/var/ftp/pulic_root:/sbin/nologin
dockerroot:x:994:991:Docker User:/var/lib/docker:/sbin/nologin

查找以root开头的行：
[root@VM_0_7_centos ~]# grep --color ^root /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
查找以bash结尾的行：
[root@VM_0_7_centos ~]# grep --color false$ /etc/passwd
syslog:x:996:994::/home/syslog:/bin/false
[root@VM_0_7_centos ~]#
查找包含root的行
[root@VM_0_7_centos ~]# grep root /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
ftpuser:x:1000:50::/var/ftp/pulic_root:/sbin/nologin
dockerroot:x:994:991:Docker User:/var/lib/docker:/sbin/nologin
[root@VM_0_7_centos ~]# grep ^$ /etc/passwd ---g过滤文件的空白行
[root@VM_0_7_centos ~]# grep -v  ^$ /etc/passwd  ----过滤文件的非空白行