定义
保证一个类仅有一个实例,并提供一个访问它的全局访问点
七种写法
1.饿汉式(简洁直观)
public class Singleton {
private static final Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();
private Singleton() {
}
public static Singleton getInstance() {
return INSTANCE;
}
}
2.枚举(饿汉式的变种,最简洁)
public enum Singleton {
INSTANCE;
}
枚举类型默认构造是私有的
3.静态代码快(饿汉式的变种,适合复杂的实例化(如外部资源导入等))
public class Singleton {
private static final Singleton INSTANCE;
private Singleton(){
}
static {
INSTANCE = new Singleton();
}
public static Singleton getInstance() {
return INSTANCE;
}
}
4.懒汉式(线程不安全,适用于单线程)
public class Singleton {
private static Singleton instance = null;
private Singleton() {
}
public static Singleton getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new Singleton();
}
return instance;
}
}
5.双重检测锁(DCL,懒汉式的改进,实现线程安全(同步),适用于多线程)
public class Singleton {
private static volatile Singleton instance = null;
private Singleton (){
}
public static Singleton getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
synchronized (Singleton.class) {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new Singleton();
}
}
}
return instance;
}
}
6.静态内部类(懒汉式的改进,适用于多线程)
public class Singleton {
private Singleton() {
}
private static class InnerClass {
private static final Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();
}
public static Singleton getInstance() {
return InnerClass.INSTANCE;
}
}
7.容器(懒汉式的一种,适用于多线程)
public class Singleton {
private static Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<String, Object>();
private Singleton(){
}
public static void registerService(String key,Object instance){
if (!map.containsKey(key)){
map.put(key,instance);
}
}
public static Object getService(String key){
return map.get(key);
}
}