Elastic Search操作之基本查询(Query查询)（三）

1、基本查询(Query查询)

（1）数据准备

PUT /lib3
{
    "settings":{
    "number_of_shards" : 3,
    "number_of_replicas" : 0
    },
     "mappings":{
      "user":{
        "properties":{
            "name": {"type":"text"},
            "address": {"type":"text"},
            "age": {"type":"integer"},
            "interests": {"type":"text"},
            "birthday": {"type":"date"}
        }
      }
     }
}

GET /lib3/user/_search?q=name:lisi
GET /lib3/user/_search?q=name:zhaoliu&sort=age:desc

PUT /lib3/user/1
{
  "name":"zhaoliu",
  "address":"zhe jiang shen hang zhou shi",
  "age":50,
  "birthday":"1999-06-06",
  "interests":"he jiu,xiedaima"
}
PUT /lib3/user/2
{
  "name":"laogao",
  "address":"shan dong shen ji nan shi",
  "age":50,
  "birthday":"1992-08-06",
  "interests":"paoniu,xiedaima"
}
PUT /lib3/user/3
{
  "name":"laowang",
  "address":"shan xi shen xi an shi",
  "age":22,
  "birthday":"1989-06-06",
  "interests":"xiedaima,da you xi"
}
PUT /lib3/user/4
{
  "name":"jiajia",
  "address":"jiang su shen nan jing shi",
  "age":22,
  "birthday":"1996-02-06",
  "interests":"xue xi,zuo fan"
}
PUT /lib3/user/5
{
  "name":"xiao ren",
  "address":"gan su shen bai yin shi",
  "age":22,
  "birthday":"1998-08-22",
  "interests":"kan dian ying,yue mei"
}

# max_score:和当前搜索相关度的匹配分数
GET /lib3/user/_search?q=name:laowang
# 查询兴趣为写代码，并根据年龄降序排序
GET /lib3/user/_search?q=interests:xie dai ma&sort=age:desc

（2）term查询和terms查询

term query会去倒排索引中寻找确切的term，它并不知道分词器的存在。这种查询适合keyword 、numeric、date。

term:查询某个字段里含有某个关键词的文档

GET /lib3/user/_search/
{
  "query":{
    "term": {
      "name": {
        "value": "jiajia"
      }
    }
  }
}

terms:查询某个字段里含有多个关键词的文档

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query":{
    "terms":{
      "interests": ["paoniu","xiedaima"]
    }
  }
}

（3） 控制查询返回的数量

from：从哪一个文档开始
size：需要的个数

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "from":0,
  "size":2,
  "query":{
    "terms":{
      "interests": ["paoniu","xiedaima"]
    }
  }
}

（4）返回版本号

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "version":true,
    "query":{
        "terms":{
            "interests": ["hejiu","changge"]
        }
    }
}

（5）match查询

match query知道分词器的存在，会对filed进行分词操作，然后再查询

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query":{
    "match": {
      "name": "jiajia,laogao"
    }
  }
}

GET /lib3/user/_search/
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "age": "22"
    }
  }
}

match_all:查询所有文档

GET /lib3/user/_search/
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

multi_match:可以指定多个字段

GET /lib3/user/_search/
{
  "query": {
    "multi_match": {
      "query": "xie dai ma",
      "fields": ["interests","name"]
    }
  }
}

match_phrase:短语匹配查询

ElasticSearch引擎首先分析（analyze）查询字符串，从分析后的文本中构建短语查询，这意味着必须匹配短语中的所有分词，并且保证各个分词的相对位置不变：

# 短语匹配查询
GET /lib3/user/_search/
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase": {
      "interests": "he jiu,xie dai ma"
    }
  }
}

（6） 指定返回的字段

GET /lib3/user/_search/
{
  "_source":["address","name"], 
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "interests": "he jiu"
    }
  }
}

（7）控制加载的字段

GET /lib3/user/_search/
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  },
  "_source": {
    "includes": ["name","address"],
    "excludes": ["age","birthday"]
  }
}

使用通配符*

GET /lib3/user/_search/
{
  "_source": {
    "includes": "addr*",
    "excludes": ["age","bir*"]
  },
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

（8） 排序

使用sort实现排序：
desc:降序，asc升序

# 排序(降序)
GET /lib3/user/_search/
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  },
  "sort":[
    {
      "age": {
        "order": "desc"
      }
    }]
}

（9）前缀匹配查询

GET /lib3/user/_search/
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase_prefix": {
      "name": {
        "query":"lao"
      }
    }
  }
}

（10） 范围查询

range:实现范围查询

参数：from,to,include_lower,include_upper,boost

include_lower:是否包含范围的左边界，默认是true

include_upper:是否包含范围的右边界，默认是true

# 范围查询
GET /lib3/user/_search/
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "birthday": {
        "from": "1990-10-10",
        "to": "2019-05-01"
      }
    }
  }
}
# 区间内查询（包含与不包含）
GET /lib3/user/_search/
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "age": {
        "from": 20,
        "to": 28,
        "include_lower":true,
        "include_upper":false
      }
    }
  }
}

（11） wildcard查询

允许使用通配符* 和 ?来进行查询

*代表0个或多个字符

？代表任意一个字符

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "wildcard": {
             "name": "zhao*"
        }
    }
}

GET /lib3/user/_search
{
    "query": {
        "wildcard": {
             "name": "jia?ia"
        }
    }
}

（12）fuzzy实现模糊查询

value：查询的关键字

boost：查询的权值，默认值是1.0

min_similarity:设置匹配的最小相似度，默认值为0.5，对于字符串，取值为0-1(包括0和1);对于数值，取值可能大于1;对于日期型取值为1d,1m等，1d就代表1天

prefix_length:指明区分词项的共同前缀长度，默认是0

max_expansions:查询中的词项可以扩展的数目，默认可以无限大

# 模糊查询
GET /lib3/user/_search/
{
  "query":{
    "fuzzy":{
      "name":"jiaji"
    }
  }
}
GET /lib3/user/_search/
{
  "query":{
    "fuzzy":{
      "interests": {
        "value":"paoni"
      }
    }
  }
}

（13） 高亮搜索结果

# 查询信息高亮显示
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
  "query":{
    "match": {
      "interests": "paoniu"
    }
  },
    "highlight":{
      "fields": {
        "interests": {}
    }
  }
}