broadcast intent

概述

Intent可以使用sendBroadcast(), 在应用组件之间广播事件;

使用BroadReceiver类监听和响应Broadcast Intent, 需要注册(register)和过滤器(intent-filter);

接受系统broadcast： 重启后唤醒

无论何时，只要打开设备，系统就会会发送带有BOOT_COMPLETED操作的broadcast intent
一. 创建并登记standalone receiver

1. StartupReceiver.xml

class StartupReceiver: BroadcastReceiver() {
    override fun onReceive(context: Context?, intent: Intent?) {
        Log.i(TAG,"Recevived broadcast intent: " + intent?.action)
    }
    companion object{
        val TAG = "StartupReceiver"
    }
}

2. 在 manifes文件中添加reveiver
   AndroidManifest.xml

  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
    ...

    <application
  <receiver android:name=".StartupReceiver">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
    </application>

3. 然后系统重启后，broadcast reveiver就会醒来接受。
   二. recevier
   recevier生命周期非常短暂，可以用来启动activity和service
   1.添加定时器
   QueryPreferences.kt

val PREF_IS_ALARM_ON = "isAlarmOn"
        fun isAlarmOn(context: Context): Boolean {
            return PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context)
                .getBoolean(PREF_IS_ALARM_ON, false)
        }

        fun setAlarmOn(context: Context, isOn: Boolean) {
            PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context)
                .edit()
                .putBoolean(PREF_IS_ALARM_ON, isOn)
                .apply()
        }

4. 存储定时器状态

 val TAG = "PollService"
        val POLL_INTERVAL_MS = TimeUnit.SECONDS.toSeconds(10)//间隔1分钟
        /**
         * 添加定时器方法
         */
 fun setServiceAlarm(context: Context, isOn: Boolean) {
            var i = PollService.newIntent(context)
            /**
             * 创建一个用来启动PollService的PendingIntent， PendingIntent.getService(...)方法打包了一个ContextStartService（intent)方法的调用
             *
             */
            var pi = PendingIntent.getService(context, 0, i, 0)
            var alarmManager = context.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE) as AlarmManager
            if (isOn) {
                // 设置定时器，第一个参数描述定时器基准常量，第二个参数第十七启动时间，第三个参数定时器循环间隔，第四个参数要发送到的PendingIntent
                alarmManager.setRepeating(
                    AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME, SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(),
                    POLL_INTERVAL_MS, pi
                )
            } else {
                alarmManager.cancel(pi)//取消定时器
                pi.cancel()//取消PendingIntent
            }
            QueryPreferences.setAlarmOn(context, isOn)
        }

5.设备重启后启动定时器

class StartupReceiver : BroadcastReceiver() {
    override fun onReceive(context: Context?, intent: Intent?) {
        Log.i(TAG, "Recevived broadcast intent: " + intent?.action)
        context?.let {
            var isOn = QueryPreferences.isAlarmOn(it)
            PollService.setServiceAlarm(it, isOn)
        }
    }

    companion object {
        val TAG = "StartupReceiver"
    }
}

过滤前台消息通知消息

一. 发送broadcast intent

  val ACTION_SHOW_NOTIFICATION = "com.bignnerdranch.android.photogallery.SHOW_NOTIFICATION"
  
  sendBroadcast(Intent(ACTION_SHOW_NOTIFICATION))

二. 创建并登记receiver接受broadcast intent
VisibleFragment.kt

abstract class VisibleFragment : Fragment() {
    //开启recevier
    override fun onStart() {
        super.onStart()
        var filter = IntentFilter(PollService.ACTION_SHOW_NOTIFICATION)
        activity?.registerReceiver(mOnShowNotification, filter)
    }

    // 注销receiver
    override fun onStop() {
        super.onStop()
        activity?.unregisterReceiver(mOnShowNotification)
    }

    // 定义一个内部receiver
   var mOnShowNotification = object : BroadcastReceiver() {
        override fun onReceive(context: Context?, intent: Intent?) {
            Toast.makeText(activity, "Got a broadcast:" + intent?.action, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
        }

    }

    companion object {
        val TAG = "VisibleFragment"
    }
}

以上代码和创建的IntentFilter和下面的效果一样的

<intent-filter>
   <action android:name="com.example.apps.photogallery.ACTION_SHOW_NOTIFICATION "/>
</intent-filter>

3. 现在任何继承VisibleFragment.kt的fragment都可以接收到Broadcast intent信息

使用私有权限限制broadcast

使用动态broadcast receiver存在一个问题，即系统中的任何应用均可监听并触发你的receiver
有多种办法阻止

1. 给receiver标签加一个android:exported="false"声明仅限应用内部使用
2. 另外也可以创建自己的使用权限

• AndroidManifest.xml

    <permission android:name="com.example.apps.photogallery.PRIVATE"
        android:protectionLevel="signature"/> 声明权限
    <uses-permission android:name="com.example.apps.photogallery.PRIVATE"/>获取权限

• 使用权限

 val ACTION_SHOW_NOTIFICATION = "com.bignnerdranch.android.photogallery.SHOW_NOTIFICATION"
val PERM_PRIVATE = "com.example.apps.photogallery.PRIVATE"
 sendBroadcast(Intent(ACTION_SHOW_NOTIFICATION), PERM_PRIVATE)

• 动态注册权限
  VisibleFragment.kt

  //开启recevier
    override fun onStart() {
        super.onStart()
        var filter = IntentFilter(PollService.ACTION_SHOW_NOTIFICATION)
        activity?.registerReceiver(mOnShowNotification, filter, PollService.PERM_PRIVATE, null)
    }

使用有序broadcast 手法数据