【C++】Virtual 析构函数

  使用指向具有非virtual 析构函数 的基类的指针来删除派生类对象会导致未定义的行为。为了纠正这种情况，应该用 virtual 析构函数来定义基类。例如，以下程序导致未定义行为。

// CPP program without virtual destructor  
// causing undefined behavior 
#include<iostream> 
  
using namespace std; 
  
class base { 
  public: 
    base()      
    { cout<<"Constructing base \n"; } 
    ~base() 
    { cout<<"Destructing base \n"; }      
}; 
  
class derived: public base { 
  public: 
    derived()      
    { cout<<"Constructing derived \n"; } 
    ~derived() 
    { cout<<"Destructing derived \n"; } 
}; 
  
int main(void) 
{ 
  derived *d = new derived();   
  base *b = d; 
  delete b; 
  getchar(); 
  return 0; 
} 

输出结果：

Constructing base
Constructing derived
Destructing base

 

  使基类析构函数virtual 保证派生类的对象被正确地析构。同时调用基类和派生类destructor。例如,

// A program with virtual destructor 
#include<iostream> 
  
using namespace std; 
  
class base { 
  public: 
    base()      
    { cout<<"Constructing base \n"; } 
    virtual ~base() 
    { cout<<"Destructing base \n"; }      
}; 
  
class derived: public base { 
  public: 
    derived()      
    { cout<<"Constructing derived \n"; } 
    ~derived() 
    { cout<<"Destructing derived \n"; } 
}; 
  
int main(void) 
{ 
  derived *d = new derived();   
  base *b = d; 
  delete b; 
  getchar(); 
  return 0; 
} 

输出结果：

Constructing base
Constructing derived
Destructing derived
Destructing base

  作为一个指导原则，任何时候在类中都有一个virtual函数，您应该立即添加一个virtual析构函数（即使它什么也不做）。这样，你就可以确保以后不会有任何意外。

 

文章出处：

  www.geeksforgeeks.org