C++PrimerPlus 第三章 处理数据（编程练习含答案）

1、编写一个小程序，要求用户使用一个整数指出自己的身高（单位为英寸），然后将身高转换为英尺和英寸。该程序使用下划线字符来指示输入位置。另外，使用一个const符号常量来表示转换因子。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
	const int FEET_TO_INCH = 12;
	int height;

	cout << "Please enter your height(in inch): ___\b\b\b";
	cin >> height;

	int feet = height / FEET_PRE_INCH;
	int inch = height % FEET_PRE_INCH;

	cout << "Your height is " << feet << " feet and " << inch << " inch" << endl;

	return 0;
}

2、编写一个小程序，要求以几英尺几英寸的方式输入其身高，并以磅为单位输入其体重。（使用3个变量来存储这些信息。）该程序报告其BMI（Body Mass Index，体重指数）。为了计算BMI，该程序以英寸的方式指出用户的身高（1英尺为12英寸），并将以英寸为单位的身高转换为以米为单位的身高（1英寸=0.0254米）。然后，将以磅为单位的体重转换为以千克为单位的体重（1千克=2.2磅）。最后，计算相应的BMI——体重（千克）除以身高（米）的平方。用符号常量表示各种转换因子。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
	const int FEET_TO_INCH = 12;
	const float INCH_TO_METER = 0.0254f;
	const float KG_TO_POUND = 2.2f;

	cout << "Please enter your height!" << endl;
	cout << "Feet:______\b\b\b\b\b\b";
	int height_feet;
	cin >> height_feet;
	cout << "Inch:_______\b\b\b\b\b\b";
	int height_inch;
	cin >> height_inch;
	cout << "Please enter your weight!" << endl;
	cout << "Pound:______\b\b\b\b\b\b";
	float weight_pound;
	cin >> weight_pound;

	float weight_KG = weight_pound / KG_TO_POUND;
	float height_meter = (height_feet * FEET_TO_INCH + height_inch) * INCH_TO_METER;
	float BMI = weight_KG / (height_meter * height_meter);

	cout << "Your BMI is " << BMI << endl;

	return 0;
}

3、编写一个程序，要求用户以度、分、秒的方式输入一个纬度，然后以度为单位显示该纬度。1度为60分，1分等于60秒，请以符号常量的方式表示这些值。对于每个输入值，应使用一个独立的变量存储它。下面是该程序运行时的情况：
Enter a latitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds:
First, enter the degrees: 37
Next, enter the minutes of arc: 51
Finally, enter the seconds of arc: 19
37 degrees, 51 minutes, 19 seconds = 37.8553 degrees

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
	const int DGREE_TO_MINUTE = 60;
	const int DGREE_TO_SECOND = 60*60;

	cout << "Enter a latitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds:" << endl;
	cout << "First, enter the degrees: ";
	int degree;
	cin >> degree;
	cout << "Next, enter the minutes of arc: ";
	int minute;
	cin >> minute;
	cout << "Finally, enter the seconds of arc: ";
	int second;
	cin >> second;

	double degrees = degree + (double)minute / DGREE_TO_MINUTE + (double)second / DGREE_TO_SECOND;

	cout << degree << " degrees, ";
	cout << minute << " minutes, ";
	cout << second << " seconds = ";
	cout << degrees << " degrees." << endl;

	return 0;
}

4、编写一个程序，要求用户以整数方式输入秒数（使用long或long long变量存储），然后以天、小时、分钟和秒的方式显示这段时间。使用符号常量来表示每天有多少小时、每小时有多少分钟以及每分钟有多少秒。该程序的输出应与下面类似：
Enter the number of seconds: 31600000
31600000 seconds = 365 days, 17 hours, 46 minutes, 40 seconds

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
	const int SECOND__TO_MINUTE = 60;
	const int MINUTE_TO_HOUR = 60;
	const int HOUR_TO_DAY = 24;

	cout << "Enter the number of seconds: ";
	int all_seconds;
	cin >> all_seconds;

	int seconds = all_seconds % SECOND__TO_MINUTE;
	int all_minutes = all_seconds / SECOND__TO_MINUTE;
	int minutes = all_minutes % MINUTE_TO_HOUR;
	int all_hours = all_minutes / MINUTE_TO_HOUR;
	int hours = all_hours % HOUR_TO_DAY;
	int days = all_hours / HOUR_TO_DAY;

	cout << all_seconds << " seconds = ";
	cout << days << " days, ";
	cout << hours << " hours, ";
	cout << minutes << " minutes, ";
	cout << seconds << "seconds.";

	return 0;
}

5、编写一个程序，要求用户输入全球当前的人口和美国当前的人口（或其他国家的人口）。将这些信息存储在long long变量中，并让程序显示美国（或其他国家）的人口占全球人口的百分比。该程序的输出应与下面类似：
Enter the world’s population: 6898758899
Enter the population of the US: 310783781
The population of the US is 4.50492% of the world population

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
	cout << "Enter the world’s population:__________\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b";
	long long int pop_world;
	cin >> pop_world;
	cout << "Enter the US’s population:__________\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b";
	long long int pop_US;
	cin >> pop_US;
	
	double rate = (double)pop_US / (double)pop_world * 100;

	cout << "The population of the US is " << rate << "% of the world population" << endl;

	return 0;
}

6、编写一个程序，要求用户输入驱车里程（英里）和使用汽油量（加仑），然后指出汽车耗油量为一加仑的里程。如果愿意，也可以让程序要求用户以公里为单位输入距离，并以升为单位输入汽油量，然后指出欧洲风格的结果——即每100公里的耗油量（升）。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
    cout << "Please enter the distance(mile): ";
    float miles;
    cin >> miles;
    cout << "Please enter the gasoline amount(gallon): ";
    float gallons;
    cin >> gallons;
    cout << "Wasting a gallon gasoline run " << miles / gallons << " miles." << endl;
    
    cout << "Do you want to know how much oil is consumed per 100 kilometers?(if you want, please enter 1)" << endl;
    int value;
    cin >> value;
    if (value == 1) {
        cout << "Please enter the distance(kilometer):";
        float kilometers;
        cin >> kilometers;
        cout << "Please enter the gasoline amount(liter):";
        float liter;
        cin >> liter;
        cout << "Wasting gasoline per 100 kilometers is " << liter / kilometers * 100 << " liters." << endl;
        return 0;
    }
    else {
        return 0;
    }
}

7、编写一个程序，要求用户按欧洲风格输入汽车的耗油量（每100公里消耗的汽油量（升）），然后将其转换为美国风格的耗油量——每加仑多少英里。注意，除了使用不同的单位计量外，美国方法（距离/燃料）与欧洲方法（燃料/距离）相反。100公里等于62.14英里，1加仑等于3.875升。因此，19mpg大约合12.41/100km，127mpg大约合8.71/100km。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
    const float KILO100_TO_MILE = 62.14;
    const float GALLON_TO_LITER = 3.875;

    cout << "Please enter European style fuel consumption: ";
    float european;
    cin >> european;

    float gallon = european / GALLON_TO_LITER;
    float miles = KILO100_TO_MILE;

    cout << european << " L/100KM = " << miles / gallon << " mpg." << endl;

    return 0;
}