mac中flutter配置

下载flutter sdk包

下载Flutter SDK包
官网链接：https://flutter.io/setup-macos/

配置环境变量

打开终端工具，使用vim进行配置环境变量，命令如下：

vim ~/.bash_profile

在打开的文件中增加一行代码

export PATH=/Users/用户名/flutter/bin:$PATH
export PUB_HOSTED_URL=https://pub.flutter-io.cn
export FLUTTER_STORAGE_BASE_URL=https://storage.flutter-io.cn

提示：这行命令你要根据你把压缩包解压的位置来进行编写，写的是你的路径

配置文件完成后，使用 source 命令重新加载一下，具体命令如下：

source ~/.bash_profile

使用命令检查是否安装成功，具体命令如下：

flutter -h

出现flutter可用命令提示后，表示安装成功。

检查开发环境

我们安装好了Flutter，但是还不具备开发环境。开发还需要很多软件和插件的支持，那到底需要哪些插件和软件那？我们可以使用Flutter为我们提供的命令来进行检查：

flutter doctor

显示结果

[✓] Flutter (Channel stable, v1.2.1, on Mac OS X 10.13.6 17G4015, locale zh-Hans-CN)
[✗] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices
    ✗ Unable to locate Android SDK.
      Install Android Studio from: https://developer.android.com/studio/index.html
      On first launch it will assist you in installing the Android SDK components.
      (or visit https://flutter.io/setup/#android-setup for detailed instructions).
      If Android SDK has been installed to a custom location, set ANDROID_HOME to that location.
      You may also want to add it to your PATH environment variable.

[!] iOS toolchain - develop for iOS devices (Xcode 10.2.1)
    ✗ libimobiledevice and ideviceinstaller are not installed. To install with Brew, run:
        brew update
        brew install --HEAD usbmuxd
        brew link usbmuxd
        brew install --HEAD libimobiledevice
        brew install ideviceinstaller
    ✗ ios-deploy not installed. To install:
        brew install ios-deploy
[!] Android Studio (not installed)
[!] VS Code (version 1.36.1)
    ✗ Flutter extension not installed; install from
      https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=Dart-Code.flutter
[!] Connected device
    ! No devices available

注意：带❌的就必须安装，带❗️的就可以暂时忽略。
VS Code是我之前就安装的，如果没有安装是不会出现下面这个带❌信息的

[!] VS Code (version 1.36.1)
   ✗ Flutter extension not installed; install from
     https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=Dart-Code.flutter

所以，这个暂时可以先忽略

解决带❌的问题

1、Android环境
1.1 安装 Android Studio
打开 Android Studio, 打开 plugins ,安装 flutter

完成后

[✗] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices
    ✗ Unable to locate Android SDK.
      Install Android Studio from: https://developer.android.com/studio/index.html
      On first launch it will assist you in installing the Android SDK components.
      (or visit https://flutter.io/setup/#android-setup for detailed instructions).
      If Android SDK has been installed to a custom location, set ANDROID_HOME to that location.
      You may also want to add it to your PATH environment variable.
.
.
.
[!] Android Studio (not installed)

转变为

[!] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 28.0.3)
    ✗ Android licenses not accepted.  To resolve this, run: flutter doctor --android-licenses
.
.
.
[✓] Android Studio (version 3.4)

1.2 执行 flutter doctor --android-licenses同意相关协议
此处 N 多信息，都是相关协议文件，一路 y 即可。

.
.
.此处 N 多信息，都是相关协议文件，一路 y 即可。
.
.
---------------------------------------
Accept? (y/N): y
All SDK package licenses accepted

完成后

[!] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 28.0.3)
    ✗ Android licenses not accepted.  To resolve this, run: flutter doctor --android-licenses

转变为

[✓] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 28.0.3)

2、iOS环境

[!] iOS toolchain - develop for iOS devices (Xcode 10.2.1)
    ✗ libimobiledevice and ideviceinstaller are not installed. To install with Brew, run:
        brew update
        brew install --HEAD usbmuxd
        brew link usbmuxd
        brew install --HEAD libimobiledevice
        brew install ideviceinstaller
    ✗ ios-deploy not installed. To install:
        brew install ios-deploy

在安装iOS环境时，就碰到一些坑

2.1 坑1：/usr/local is not writable.
看到这个提示，我们第一时间就是想着修改读写权限

当你执行sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/local进行修改时，系统会有如下提示：

Operation not permitted

现在问题就卡住了，因为执行brew update之类的命令，需要对/usr/local进行写入操作。但是操作用户无法像对普通文件夹操作一样，通过chown获得write权限。由于/usr/local是系统文件夹，macOS限制了对其的操作权限。

苹果从 OS X El Capitan 10.11 系统开始使用了 Rootless 机制，可以将该机制理解为一个更高等级的系统的内核保护措施，系统默认将会锁定 /system、/sbin、/usr 这三个目录。

在终端输入

csrutil status

收到系统提示

System Integrity Protection status：enabled

说明rootless默认打开，此时无法通过sudo命令，对**/system、/sbin、/usr** 这三个目录进行修改。

打开、关闭Rootless机制
重启Mac
开机时后按下 Command+R，进入恢复模式。
在上面的菜单实用工具中找到并打开 Terminal
输入如下命令：

csrutil disable

此时rootless已经关闭，退出恢复模式，正常进入系统。在终端输入

csrutil status

系统提示

System Integrity Protection status：disabled

rootless已关闭
可通过 sudo chown -R $(whoami) /usr/local 进行权限修改
开启rootless
在恢复模式的Terminal输入如下命令：

csrutil enable

建议修改完成之后，为了系统安全，将rootless重新开启。

2.2 坑2：缺少 autoconf、automake和libtool

brew install autoconf
brew install automake
brew install libtool

最后，我终于成功了！美滋滋😄

Doctor summary (to see all details, run flutter doctor -v):
[✓] Flutter (Channel stable, v1.7.8+hotfix.3, on Mac OS X 10.14.5 18F132, locale
    zh-Hans-CN)
 
[✓] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 29.0.1)
[✓] Xcode - develop for iOS and macOS (Xcode 10.2.1)
[✓] iOS tools - develop for iOS devices
[✓] Android Studio (version 3.4)
[!] VS Code (version 1.36.1)
    ✗ Flutter extension not installed; install from
      https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=Dart-Code.flutter
[✓] Connected device (1 available)

! Doctor found issues in 1 category.

作者：墨隐于非
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/b9ee42df1054
来源：简书
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