全网最详细 Centos7 Cobbler搭建详解

Lyle_Tu

于 2024-09-09 23:21:36 发布

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分类专栏： Linux 云计算运维基础文章标签： linux 运维云计算服务器

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40797754/article/details/142071934

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Cobbler 自动化装机

介绍

Cobbler 是一个配置（安装）和更新服务器。它支持通过 PXE（网络引导）进行部署，虚拟化（Xen、QEMU/KVM 或 VMware），并重新安装现有 Linux 系统。后两个功能是通过在远程系统上使用“Koan”启用。更新服务器功能包括 yum 镜像和集成带有自动安装文件的镜像。Cobbler有一个命令行界面，WebUI，以及广泛的Python和用于与外部脚本和应用程序集成的 XML-RPC API。

Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带web界面比较易于管理。

Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如Puppet，暂时不支持SaltStack。

官方文档教程：https://cobbler.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html

Cobbler 内置服务

PXE服务支持
DHCP服务管理
DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
电源管理
Kickstart服务支持
YUM仓库管理
TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
Apache(提供kickstart的安装源，并提供定制化的kickstart配置)

Cobbler 工作原理

Server端

启动Cobbler服务
进行Cobbler错误检查，执行cobbler check命令
进行配置同步，执行cobbler sync命令
复制相关启动文件到TFTP目录中
启动DHCP服务，提供地址分配
DHCP服务分配IP地址
TFTP传输启动文件
Server端接收安装信息
Server端发送ISO镜像与Kickstart文件

Client端

客户端以PXE模式启动
客户端获取IP地址
通过TFTP服务器获取启动文件
进入Cobbler安装选择界面
根据配置信息准备安装系统
加载Kickstart文件
传输系统安装的其它文件
进行安装系统

Cobbler 命令管理、

cobbler
usage
=====
cobbler <distro|profile|system|repo|image|mgmtclass|package|file> ... 
        [add|edit|copy|getks*|list|remove|rename|report] [options|--help]
cobbler <aclsetup|buildiso|import|list|replicate|report|reposync|sync|validateks|version|signature|get-loaders|hardlink> [options|--help]
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler import --help  # 导入镜像
Usage: cobbler [options]
Options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --arch=ARCH           OS architecture being imported
  --breed=BREED         the breed being imported
  --os-version=OS_VERSION
                        the version being imported
  --path=PATH           local path or rsync location
  --name=NAME           name, ex 'RHEL-5'
  --available-as=AVAILABLE_AS
                        tree is here, don't mirror
  --kickstart=KICKSTART_FILE
                        assign this kickstart file
  --rsync-flags=RSYNC_FLAGS
                        pass additional flags to rsync
cobbler check       #核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list        #列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report      #列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync        #同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync    #同步yum仓库
cobbler distro      #查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system      #查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile     #查看配置信息

命令	说明
cobbler check	核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list	列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report	列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync	同步配置到数据目录，更改配置最好都执行一下
cobbler reposync	同步yum仓库
cobbler distro	查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system	查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile	查看配置信息

Cobbler 搭建

安装epel-release源

yum -y install epel-release

安装相关服务

yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd xinetd python-ctypes tftp lrzsz vim wget fence-agents debmirror

关闭防火墙、selinux

systemctl disable firewalld;systemctl disable firewalld   #关闭防火墙

setenforce 0   #临时关闭

sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/sysconfig/selinux    #永久关闭
或
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

期待cobbler，并且设置开机自启

systemctl start httpd cobblerd;systemctl enable httpd cobblerd

cobbler安装完后相关文件

rpm -ql cobbler  # 查看安装的文件，下面列出部分。
/etc/cobbler                  # 配置文件目录
/etc/cobbler/settings           # cobbler主配置文件，这个文件是YAML格式，Cobbler是python写的程序。
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template      # DHCP服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template     # tftp服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/rsync.template     # rsync服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/iso                # iso模板配置文件目录
/etc/cobbler/pxe                # pxe模板文件目录
/etc/cobbler/power              # 电源的配置文件目录
/etc/cobbler/users.conf         # Web服务授权配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.digest       #用于web访问的用户名密码配置文件
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template   #DNS服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf       # Cobbler模块配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler                # Cobbler数据目录
/var/lib/cobbler/config         #配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts     # 默认存放kickstart文件
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders        # 存放的各种引导程序
/var/www/cobbler                # 系统安装镜像目录
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror      # 导入的系统镜像列表
/var/www/cobbler/images         # 导入的系统镜像启动文件
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror  # yum源存储目录
/var/log/cobbler                # 日志目录
/var/log/cobbler/install.log        # 客户端系统安装日志
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log    # cobbler日志
....

配置cobbler，使用cobbler check 检查

cobbler check

The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
4 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders.  If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot.
5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl
6 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
7 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
8 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

根据以上列出问题逐一解决

sed -ri '/allow_dynamic_settings:/c\allow_dynamic_settings: 1' /etc/cobbler/settings

grep allow_dynamic_settings /etc/cobbler/settings 


sed -i 's#^server: 127.0.0.1#server: 172.16.10.10#' /etc/cobbler/settings

sed -i 's#^next_server: 127.0.0.1#next_server: 172.16.10.10#' /etc/cobbler/settings


#设置tftp
sed -ri '/disable/c\disable = no' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

systemctl restart xinetd tftp rsyncd
systemctl enable xinetd tftp  rsyncd

sed -i  's|@dists=.*|#@dists=|'  /etc/debmirror.conf  
sed -i  's|@arches=.*|#@arches=|'  /etc/debmirror.conf 

 
 #设置安装完系统初始化密码
 openssl passwd -1 -salt `openssl rand -hex 4` 'redhat'
 
 cobbler setting edit --name=default_password_crypted --value='$1$f613c458$1SFWNGkzYja4pbpemudIX.'

或

IPADDR=172.16.10.10
sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: '${IPADDR}'/' /etc/cobbler/settings && grep "server: ${IPADDR}" /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: '${IPADDR}'/' /etc/cobbler/settings && grep "next_server: ${IPADDR}" /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings && grep 'manage_dhcp: 1' /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings && grep 'pxe_just_once: 1' /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i "s#manage_rsync: 0#manage_rsync: 1#g"  /etc/cobbler/settings && grep "manage_rsync: 1" /etc/cobbler/settings

sed -i  's|@dists=.*|#@dists=|'  /etc/debmirror.conf  
sed -i  's|@arches=.*|#@arches=|'  /etc/debmirror.conf 

#设置新装系统的默认root密码123456
vim /etc/cobbler/settings 
#最终修改的结果
default_password_crypted: "$1$root$j0bp.KLPyr.u9kgQ428D10"

#生产秘钥的方式
openssl passwd -1 -salt 'root' '123456'

设置通过cobbler管理dhcp

cobbler setting edit --name=manage_dhcp --value=1
或
sed -i 's#manage_dhcp: 0#manage_dhcp: 1#' /etc/cobbler/settings

配置dhcp

vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

subnet 172.16.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     option routers             172.16.10.10;
     option domain-name-servers 172.16.10.10;
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        172.16.10.10 172.16.10.200;
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;
     class "pxeclients" {
          match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";
          if option pxe-system-type = 00:02 {
                  filename "ia64/elilo.efi"; 
          } else if option pxe-system-type = 00:06 {
                  filename "grub/grub-x86.efi";
          } else if option pxe-system-type = 00:07 {
                  filename "grub/grub-x86_64.efi"; 
          } else if option pxe-system-type = 00:09 {
                  filename "grub/grub-x86_64.efi";
          } else {
                  filename "pxelinux.0";
          }
     }

}

使用cobbler sync 同步

cobbler sync


task started: 2023-05-06_042445_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sat May  6 04:24:45 2023)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-0.97-x86.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

Cobbler 安装Centos7

导入系统镜像

cobbler import --path=/media/ --name=CentOS-7.6-x86_64 --arch=x86_64

# --path 镜像路径
# --name 为安装源定义一个名字
# --arch 指定安装源是32位、64位、ia64, 目前支持的选项有: x86│x86_64│ia64
# 安装源的唯一标示就是根据name参数来定义，本例导入成功后，安装源的唯一标示就是：CentOS-7.6-x86_64，如果重复，系统会提示导入失败。
# 镜像存放目录，cobbler会将镜像中的所有安装文件拷贝到本地一份，放在/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror下的CentOS-7.1-x86_64目录下。因此/var/www/cobbler目录必须具有足够容纳安装文件的空间。

浏览器访问测试

http://192.168.10.14/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.6-x86_64/

查看导入后镜像信息

cobbler distro report --name=CentOS-7.6-x86_64

Name                           : CentOS-7.6-x86_64
Architecture                   : x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Breed                          : redhat
Comment                        : 
Fetchable Files                : {}
Initrd                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.6-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.6-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart Metadata             : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/CentOS-7.6-x86_64'}
Management Classes             : []
OS Version                     : rhel6
Owners                         : ['admin']
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}

创建ks 文件


# This kickstart file should only be used with EL > 5 and/or Fedora > 7.
# For older versions please use the sample.ks kickstart file.
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Use text mode install
text
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# System timezone
timezone  Asia/ShangHai
#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --enablemd5
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Use network installation
url --url=$tree

# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --fstype=xfs --size=500
part swap --fstype=swap --size=2048
part / --fstype=xfs --grow --size=200 

# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
$yum_repo_stanza
# Network information
$SNIPPET('network_config')
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# Reboot after installation
reboot


%pre
$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
%end

%packages
$SNIPPET('func_install_if_enabled')
@core
@base
tree
nmap
wget
lftp
lrzsz
telnet
%end

%post --nochroot
$SNIPPET('log_ks_post_nochroot')
%end

%post
$SNIPPET('log_ks_post')
# Start yum configuration
$yum_config_stanza
# End yum configuration
$SNIPPET('post_install_kernel_options')
$SNIPPET('post_install_network_config')
$SNIPPET('func_register_if_enabled')
$SNIPPET('download_config_files')
$SNIPPET('koan_environment')
$SNIPPET('redhat_register')
$SNIPPET('cobbler_register')
# Enable post-install boot notification
$SNIPPET('post_anamon')
# Start final steps
$SNIPPET('kickstart_done')
# End final steps

sed -ri "/^#UseDNS/c\UseDNS no" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -ri "/^GSSAPIAuthentication/c\GSSAPIAuthentication no" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
%end

设置ks 文件

cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.6-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.ks

验证ks 文件是否设置成功

cobbler profile report --name=CentOS-7.6-x86_64 |grep Kickstart

Cobbler Web 管理

安装 cobbler-web

yum -y install cobbler-web

访问地址，默认账号cobbler，密码cobbler

https://IP/cobbler_web

UseDNS/c\UseDNS no" /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -ri “/^GSSAPIAuthentication/c\GSSAPIAuthentication no” /etc/ssh/sshd_config
%end




设置ks 文件

```bash
cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.6-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7.ks

验证ks 文件是否设置成功

cobbler profile report --name=CentOS-7.6-x86_64 |grep Kickstart

Cobbler Web 管理

安装 cobbler-web

yum -y install cobbler-web

访问地址，默认账号cobbler，密码cobbler

https://IP/cobbler_web

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