昨日回顾
1 ajax:异步的javascript的xml,同时可以发出很多ajax的请求,局部刷新
2 本质就是使用javascript这门语言发送http请求,(异步),原生,jquery的ajax方法,axios
3 如何使用(借助于jquery)
# 默认编码方式是urlencoded
$.ajax({
url:/books/?name=lqz,
method:'post/get',
data:{name:'lqz',age:19},
success:function (data){
打印,弹窗,渲染页面(js dom操作,修改页面)
}
})
4 上传文件
var formdata=new Formdata()
formdata.append('name','lqz')
formdata.append('myfile',$('#id_file')[0].files[0])
$.ajax({
url:/books/?name=lqz,
method:'post/get',
processData:false,
contentType:false,
data:formdata,
success:function (data){
打印,弹窗,渲染页面(js dom操作,修改页面)
}
})
# 后端代码写一套即可:使用form表单传,postman,ajax传,都是一样的
5 上传json格式
$.ajax({
url:/books/?name=lqz,
method:'post/get',
contentType:'application/json',
data:字符串(json格式),
success:function (data){
打印,弹窗,渲染页面(js dom操作,修改页面)
}
})
6 后端返回数据
-HttpResponse:它没有指定,text/html
-JsonResponse:它指定了响应编码:application/json
-ajax方法:会去看响应编码是什么,如果是application/json,自动调用JSON.parser(),如果不是json格式,就不处理
-于是:success:function (data) 可能是个字符串,也可能是个对象,响应编码决定的
7 js中json序列化和反序列化
-JSON.parser()
-JSON.stringify(data)
8 django内置的序列化器
-需要会自己转(把对象转成json格式)
-自己写(局限性,以后再转publish,还得再写一遍,不通用)
ll=[]
for book in book_list:
ll.append({'name':book.name,'age':book.age})
return JsonResponse(ll,safe=False)
{name:lqz,age:18,hobbys:[{hobbyname:'篮球',hobbyid:1},{hobbyname:'足球',hobbyid:2}]}
[{name:lqz,age:18},{name:egon,age:18},{name:zs,age:18}]
今日内容
l=[]
for i in range(100):
book = models.Book(name=f'书{i}', price=i)
l.append(book)
models.Book.objects.bulk_create(l,10)
class Meta:
ordering = ('id',)
1 分页器组件介绍
1 项目数据量大了以后,涉及到分页,一页一页的加载显示
2 django中分页器组件,把分页常用的东西,封装到一个类中
3 实例化一个对象,对象里有属性和方法
from django.core.paginator import Paginator
def func139_1(request):
book_list = models.Book.objects.all()
paginator = Paginator(book_list, 10)
print(paginator.per_page)
print(paginator.count)
print(paginator.num_pages)
print(paginator.page_range)
page= paginator.page(2)
print(page.has_next())
print(page.next_page_number())
print(page.has_previous())
print(page.previous_page_number())
print(page.object_list)
print(page.number)
return render(request, 'func139_1.html', locals())
2 分页器的简单使用
def index(request):
page_num_int=int(request.GET.get('page',1))
book_list = models.Book.objects.all()
paginator = Paginator(book_list, 10)
page_range = paginator.page_range
page = paginator.page(page_num_int)
return render(request, 'index.html', {'page_range':page_range,'page':page,'page_num_int':page_num_int})
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>id</th>
<th>名字</th>
<th>价格</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for book in page.object_list %}
<tr>
<td>{{ book.id }}</td>
<td>{{ book.name }}</td>
<td>{{ book.price }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="text-center">
<nav aria-label="Page navigation">
<ul class="pagination">
{% if page.has_previous %}
<li>
<a href="/?page={{ page.previous_page_number }}" aria-label="Previous">
<span aria-hidden="true">«</span>
</a>
</li>
{% else %}
<li class="disabled">
<a href="" aria-label="Previous">
<span aria-hidden="true">«</span>
</a>
</li>
{% endif %}
{% for page_num in page_range %}
{% if page_num_int == page_num %}
<li class="active"><a href="/?page={{ page_num }}">{{ page_num }}</a></li>
{% else %}
<li><a href="/?page={{ page_num }}">{{ page_num }}</a></li>
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
{% if page.has_next %}
<li>
<a href="/?page={{ page.next_page_number }}" aria-label="Next">
<span aria-hidden="true">»</span>
</a>
</li>
{% else %}
<li class="disabled">
<a href="" aria-label="Next">
<span aria-hidden="true">»</span>
</a>
</li>
{% endif %}
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
3 分页器进阶使用
显示左5,右5,总共11个页,
1 如果总页码大于11
1.1 if 当前页码减5小于1,要生成1到12的列表(顾头不顾尾,共11个页码)
page_range=range(1,12)
1.2 elif 当前页码+5大于总页码,生成当前页码减10,到当前页码加1的列表(顾头不顾尾,共11个页码)
page_range=range(paginator.num_pages-10,paginator.num_pages+1)
1.3 else 生成当前页码-5,到当前页码+6的列表
page_range=range(current_page_num-5,current_page_num+6)
2 其它情况,生成的列表就是pageinator的page_range
page_range=paginator.page_range
def index(request):
page_num_int = int(request.GET.get('page', 1))
book_list = models.Book.objects.all()
paginator = Paginator(book_list, 1)
if paginator.num_pages > 11:
if page_num_int - 5 < 1:
page_range = range(1, 11)
elif page_num_int + 5 > paginator.num_pages:
page_range = range(paginator.num_pages - 10, paginator.num_pages + 1)
else:
page_range = range(page_num_int - 5, page_num_int + 5)
else:
page_range = paginator.page_range
page = paginator.page(page_num_int)
return render(request, 'index.html', {'page_range': page_range, 'page': page, 'page_num_int': page_num_int})
模版文件同上
4 form组件介绍
1 注册功能,登陆功能,前段需要校验(字段长度,邮箱是否合法...)
2 前端校验可以没有,后端校验是必须的,使用传统方式,if判断写的很多
3 借助于forms组件 可以快速实现字段的校验()
from django import forms
class MyForm(forms.Form):
name = forms.CharField(required=True, max_length=32, min_length=3, label='用户名')
email = forms.EmailField(label='邮箱')
age= forms.IntegerField(max_value=200,min_value=0,label='年龄')
5 form组件校验数据
def func139_2(request):
data = {'name': 'lq', 'email': "3333"}
form = myforms.MyForm(data=data)
if form.is_valid():
print('校验成功')
print(form.cleaned_data)
else:
print(form.cleaned_data)
print('校验失败')
print(form.errors)
print(type(form.errors))
print(form.errors.as_json())
print(form.errors.as_data())
return HttpResponse('ok')
6 forms渲染模版功能
def register(request):
if request.method=='GET':
form=myforms.MyForm()
return render(request,'register.html',{'form':form})
elif request.method=='POST':
form=myforms.MyForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print('校验通过,存数据库')
else:
print(form.errors.as_data())
print('校验失败,返回错误')
return HttpResponse('ok')
# 模版文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<hr>
<h1>手动创建模板</h1>
<form action="" method="post">
<p>用户名:<input type="text" name="name"></p>
<p>邮箱:<input type="text" name="email"></p>
<p>年龄:<input type="text" name="age"></p>
<p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p>
</form>
<hr>
<h1>半自动渲染模板1</h1>
<form action="" method="post">
<p>用户名:{{ form.name }}</p>
<p>邮箱:{{ form.email }}</p>
<p>年龄:{{ form.age }}</p>
<p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p>
</form>
<h1>半自动渲染模板2(用的最多)</h1>
<form action="" method="post">
<p>{{ form.name.label }}--{{ form.name }}</p>
<p>{{ form.email.label }}---{{ form.email }}</p>
<p>{{ form.age.label }}---{{ form.age }}</p>
<p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p>
</form>
<h1>半自动渲染模板3(用的最多)</h1>
<form action="" method="post">
{% for foo in form %}
<p>{{ foo.label }} :{{ foo }}</p>
{% endfor %}
<p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p>
</form>
<h1>全自动(了解)</h1>
<form action="" method="post">
{# {{ form.as_ul }}#}
{{ form.as_p }}
{# <table>#}
{# {{ form.as_table }}#}
{# </table>#}
<p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
作业
name = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="姓名", error_messages={"min_length": "太短了", "required": "该字段不能为空!"})
from django import forms
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
from app01 import models
class EmpForm(forms.Form):
name = forms.CharField(min_length=5, label="姓名", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空!",
"min_length": "用户名太短。"})
age = forms.IntegerField(label="年龄")
salary = forms.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2, label="工资")
r_salary = forms.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2, label="请再输入工资")
def clean_name(self):
val = self.cleaned_data.get("name")
if val.isdigit():
raise ValidationError("用户名不能是纯数字")
elif models.Emp.objects.filter(name=val):
raise ValidationError("用户名已存在!")
else:
return val
def clean(self):
val = self.cleaned_data.get("salary")
r_val = self.cleaned_data.get("r_salary")
if val == r_val:
return self.cleaned_data
else:
raise ValidationError("请确认工资是否一致。")
views.py 文件代码:
app01/views.py
def add_emp(request):
if request.method == "GET":
form = EmpForm()
return render(request, "add_emp.html", {"form":form})
else:
form = EmpForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
data = form.cleaned_data
data.pop("r_salary")
models.Emp.objects.create(**data)
return redirect("/index/")
else:
clear_errors = form.errors.get("__all__")
return render(request, "add_emp.html", {"form": form, "clear_errors": clear_errors})