zabbix数据库优化

来自：51CTO博客，作者：AIOPS_DBA
链接：https://blog.51cto.com/wangwei007/2458114

MySQL版本推荐

MySQL5.7及以上版本，便捷的在线DDL方便zabbix的快速升级 链接数据库方式：zabbix的server、proxy、MySQL数据库尽量使用域名方式连接，方便进行故障切换。

zabbix数据库的授权

读写权限，用作zabbix自身访问：

grant all privileges on zabbix. to 'zabbix'@'1.1.1.1' identified by'zabbix';

只读权限，用作二次开发只读zabbix数据库：

grant SELECT on zabbix. to 'zabbix_ro'@'1.1.1.1' identified by'zabbixro';

MySQL配置文件需要调整的几个重要参数

innodb_log_files_in_group =16
innodb_log_file_size =1G
innodb_file_per_table =1
max_allowed_packet =64M
back_log =1024
max-connections =2000
sync_binlog =0
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit =0
binlog_format = row
expire_logs_days =3

巧用SQL语句运维zabbix

使用SQL语句更新监控项或是触发器，提升变更效率，减少对数据库影响：

update zabbix.items set delay=5where key='icmpping';
update zabbix.items t,zabbix.functions f set f.parameter='30'where f.itemid=t.itemid and t.key='agent.ping'

巧用读写分离和负载均衡

在做二次开发时，为避免对线上监控server端的影响，尽量使用独立的数据库从库读取数据（可能有大量通过API读取历史数据库等只读操作），需要一个只读的api接口，此时需要做zabbix数据库读写分离，可以在从库上过滤掉几张表，打开从库的写权限，这几张表主要用作用户登录的审计、session的记录，否则可能登录失败，：

replicate-wild-ignore-table =zabbix.auditlog
replicate-wild-ignore-table =zabbix.sessions
replicate-wild-ignore-table =zabbix.ids

同时zabbix web_api做负载均衡的时候，请使用IP hash的方式，因为涉及到session的问题。

zabbix升级注意事项

做zabbix的升级，其实是做zabbix数据库库表的变更，可能包含表结构的表更、索引的变更、数据的重组等操作，此时需要做一套新的数据库集群作为线上集群的存库存在，等数据同步完成，断掉同步，使用新的zabbix server程序连接新的数据库集群完成升级，升级完成后切换线上zabbix server、数据库域名到新的server和新的数据库上，这样能最低限度影响正常的监控。

数据库备份和数据清理

备份主要信息即可，监控数据和审计日志、events不需要备份，数据量太大。历史数据的删除：包含监控历史详情数据和趋势数据，使用分区的方式进行删除；另外events表也要定时的清理，使用主键进行清理，保留5天左右的即可，并需要定期的进行碎片整理，否则监控大屏显示会逐步变慢。

zabbix server历史数据和趋势数据分区

分区sql脚本下载地址：https://www.zabbix.org/wiki/Docs/howto/mysql_partition 为历史表分区做准备。zabbix2.0/3.0 only，3.2以上的版本不需要执行

ALTER TABLE history_text DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD INDEX (id), DROP INDEX history_text_2, ADD INDEX history_text_2 (itemid, id);
ALTER TABLE history_log DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD INDEX (id), DROP INDEX history_log_2, ADD INDEX history_log_2 (itemid, id);

在server的配置文件中设置HousekeepingFrequency=0,禁用zabbix自带的清理历史数据任务 设置历史监控数据表中的时间字段为索引,方便后续按照时间取值二次开发

ALTER TABLE history ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE history_log ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE history_str ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE history_str_sync ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE history_sync ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE history_text ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE history_uint ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE history_uint_sync ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE trends ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE trends_uint ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE EVENTS ADD INDEX objectid (objectid,VALUE,clock);
如果存在这五个存储过程则删除

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS partition_create;
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS partition_drop;
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS partition_maintenance;
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS partition_maintenance_all;
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS partition_verify;

第一次执行存储过程

CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');

inser to crontab 每天执行一次存储过程，生成新的分区和删除老的分区
#!/bin/sh
/xxxxx/mysql/bin/mysql -uzabbix -pzabbixmonitor --socket=/xxxx/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock --database=zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');"

存储过程详情如下：

/ partition_create /

DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE partition_create(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), PARTITIONNAME VARCHAR(64), CLOCK INT)
BEGIN
/
SCHEMANAME =The DB schema in which to make changes
TABLENAME =The table with partitions to potentially delete
PARTITIONNAME =The name of the partition to create
/
/
Verify that the partition does not already exist
/

    DECLARE RETROWS INT;
    SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
    FROM information_schema.partitions
    WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_description >= CLOCK;

    IF RETROWS =0 THEN
/*
1.Print a message indicating that a partition was created.
2.Create the SQL to create the partition.
3.Execute the SQL from#2.
*/
            SELECT CONCAT("partition_create(", SCHEMANAME,",", TABLENAME,",", PARTITIONNAME,",", CLOCK,")") AS msg;
            SET @SQL= CONCAT('ALTER TABLE ', SCHEMANAME,'.', TABLENAME,' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME,' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK,'));');
            PREPARE STMT FROM @SQL;
            EXECUTE STMT;
            DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
END IF;

END$$
DELIMITER ;

/ partition_drop /

DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE partition_drop(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE BIGINT)
BEGIN
/
SCHEMANAME =The DB schema in which to make changes
TABLENAME =The table with partitions to potentially delete
DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE =Delete any partitions with names that are dates older than this one (yyyy-mm-dd)
/
DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE;
DECLARE drop_part_name VARCHAR(16);

/*
Get a list of all the partitions that are older than the date
in DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE.All partitions are prefixed with
       a "p", so use SUBSTRING TO get rid of that character.
*/
    DECLARE myCursor CURSOR FOR
            SELECT partition_name
            FROM information_schema.partitions
            WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND CAST(SUBSTRING(partition_name FROM 2) AS UNSIGNED)< DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE;
    DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done= TRUE;

/*
Create the basics forwhen we need to drop the partition.Also, create
@drop_partitions to hold a comma-delimited list of all partitions that
       should be deleted.
*/
    SET @alter_header= CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME,".", TABLENAME," DROP PARTITION ");
    SET @drop_partitions="";

/*
Start looping through all the partitions that are too old.
*/
    OPEN myCursor;
    read_loop: LOOP
            FETCH myCursor INTO drop_part_name;
            IF done THEN
                    LEAVE read_loop;
END IF;
            SET @drop_partitions= IF(@drop_partitions="", drop_part_name, CONCAT(@drop_partitions,",", drop_part_name));
END LOOP;
    IF @drop_partitions!="" THEN
/*
1.Build the SQL to drop all the necessary partitions.
2.Run the SQL to drop the partitions.
3.Printout the table partitions that were deleted.
*/
            SET @full_sql= CONCAT(@alter_header,@drop_partitions,";");
            PREPARE STMT FROM @full_sql;
            EXECUTE STMT;
            DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;

            SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME,".", TABLENAME) AS `table`,@drop_partitions AS `partitions_deleted`;
    ELSE
/*
No partitions are being deleted, so printout"N/A"(Not applicable) to indicate
               that no changes were made.
*/
            SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME,".", TABLENAME) AS `table`,"N/A" AS `partitions_deleted`;
END IF;

END$$
DELIMITER ;

/ partition_maintenance /
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32), TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(32), KEEP_DATA_DAYS INT, HOURLY_INTERVAL INT, CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS INT)
BEGIN
DECLARE OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP INT;
DECLARE CUR_TIME INT;

    CALL partition_verify(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, HOURLY_INTERVAL);
    SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(),'%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'));

    SET @__interval=1;
    create_loop: LOOP
            IF @__interval> CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS THEN
                    LEAVE create_loop;
END IF;

            SET LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP = CUR_TIME +(HOURLY_INTERVAL *@__interval*3600);
            SET PARTITION_NAME = FROM_UNIXTIME(CUR_TIME + HOURLY_INTERVAL *(@__interval-1)*3600,'p%Y%m%d%H00');
            CALL partition_create(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP);
            SET @__interval=@__interval+1;
END LOOP;

    SET OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE=DATE_FORMAT(DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL KEEP_DATA_DAYS DAY),'%Y%m%d0000');
    CALL partition_drop(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE);

END$$
DELIMITER ;

/ partition_verify /
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE partition_verify(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), HOURLYINTERVAL INT(11))
BEGIN
DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE RETROWS INT(11);
DECLARE FUTURE_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP;

/*
*Checkif any partitions exist for the given SCHEMANAME.TABLENAME.
*/
    SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
    FROM information_schema.partitions
    WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_name IS NULL;

/*
*If partitions donot exist, go ahead and partition the table
*/
    IF RETROWS =1 THEN
/*
*Take the current date at 00:00:00and add HOURLYINTERVAL to it.Thisis the timestamp below which we will store values.
*Webegin partitioning based on the beginning of a day.Thisis because we don't want to generate a random partition
* that won't necessarily fall in line with the desired partition naming (ie: if the hour interval is 24 hours, we could
*end up creating a partition now named "p201403270600"when all other partitions will be like "p201403280000").
*/
            SET FUTURE_TIMESTAMP = TIMESTAMPADD(HOUR, HOURLYINTERVAL, CONCAT(CURDATE()," ",'00:00:00'));
            SET PARTITION_NAME = DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(),'p%Y%m%d%H00');

--Create the partitioning query
            SET @__PARTITION_SQL= CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME,".", TABLENAME," PARTITION BY RANGE(`clock`)");
            SET @__PARTITION_SQL= CONCAT(@__PARTITION_SQL,"(PARTITION ", PARTITION_NAME," VALUES LESS THAN (", UNIX_TIMESTAMP(FUTURE_TIMESTAMP),"));");

--Run the partitioning query
            PREPARE STMT FROM @__PARTITION_SQL;
            EXECUTE STMT;
            DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
END IF;

END$$
DELIMITER ;

/ partition_maintenance_all /
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE partition_maintenance_all(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32))
BEGIN
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME,'history',28,24,14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME,'history_log',28,24,14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME,'history_str',28,24,14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME,'history_text',28,24,14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME,'history_uint',28,24,14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME,'trends',730,24,14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME,'trends_uint',730,24,14);
END$$
DELIMITER ;