由于c语言中，没有直接的字典，字符串数组等数据结构，所以要借助结构体定义，处理json。如果有对应的数据结构就方便一些， 如python中用json.loads(json)就把json字符串转变为内建的数据结构处理起来比较方便。
一个重要概念:
在cjson中，json对象可以是json，可以是字符串，可以是数字。。。
cjson数据结构定义：
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#define cJSON_False 0
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#define cJSON_True 1
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#define cJSON_NULL 2
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#define cJSON_Number 3
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#define cJSON_String 4
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#define cJSON_Array 5
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#define cJSON_Object 6
-
-
typedef
struct cJSON {
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struct cJSON *next,*prev;
/* next/prev allow you to walk array/object chains. Alternatively, use GetArraySize/GetArrayItem/GetObjectItem */
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struct cJSON *child;
/* An array or object item will have a child pointer pointing to a chain of the items in the array/object. */
-
-
int type;
/* The type of the item, as above. cjson结构的类型上面宏定义的7中之一*/
-
-
char *valuestring;
/* The item's string, if type==cJSON_String */
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int valueint;
/* The item's number, if type==cJSON_Number */
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double valuedouble;
/* The item's number, if type==cJSON_Number */
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-
char *
string;
/* The item's name string, if this item is the child of, or is in the list of subitems of an object. */
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} cJSON;
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#define cJSON_False 0
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#define cJSON_True 1
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#define cJSON_NULL 2
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#define cJSON_Number 3
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#define cJSON_String 4
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#define cJSON_Array 5
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#define cJSON_Object 6
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-
typedef
struct cJSON {
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struct cJSON *next,*prev;
/* next/prev allow you to walk array/object chains. Alternatively, use GetArraySize/GetArrayItem/GetObjectItem */
-
struct cJSON *child;
/* An array or object item will have a child pointer pointing to a chain of the items in the array/object. */
-
-
int type;
/* The type of the item, as above. cjson结构的类型上面宏定义的7中之一*/
-
-
char *valuestring;
/* The item's string, if type==cJSON_String */
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int valueint;
/* The item's number, if type==cJSON_Number */
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double valuedouble;
/* The item's number, if type==cJSON_Number */
-
-
char *
string;
/* The item's name string, if this item is the child of, or is in the list of subitems of an object. */
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} cJSON;
一、解析json 用到的函数，在cJSON.h中都能找到：
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/* Supply a block of JSON, and this returns a cJSON object you can interrogate. Call cJSON_Delete when finished. */
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extern cJSON *cJSON_Parse(const char *value);
//从 给定的json字符串中得到cjson对象
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/* Render a cJSON entity to text for transfer/storage. Free the char* when finished. */
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extern char *cJSON_Print(cJSON *item);
//从cjson对象中获取有格式的json对象
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/* Render a cJSON entity to text for transfer/storage without any formatting. Free the char* when finished. */
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extern char *cJSON_PrintUnformatted(cJSON *item);
//从cjson对象中获取无格式的json对象
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-
/* Delete a cJSON entity and all subentities. */
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extern void cJSON_Delete(cJSON *c);
//删除cjson对象，释放链表占用的内存空间
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-
/* Returns the number of items in an array (or object). */
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extern int cJSON_GetArraySize(cJSON *array);
//获取cjson对象数组成员的个数
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/* Retrieve item number "item" from array "array". Returns NULL if unsuccessful. */
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extern cJSON *cJSON_GetArrayItem(cJSON *array,int item);
//根据下标获取cjosn对象数组中的对象
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/* Get item "string" from object. Case insensitive. */
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extern cJSON *cJSON_GetObjectItem(cJSON *object,const char *string);
//根据键获取对应的值（cjson对象）
-
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/* For analysing failed parses. This returns a pointer to the parse error. You'll probably need to look a few chars back to make sense of it. Defined when cJSON_Parse() returns 0. 0 when cJSON_Parse() succeeds. */
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extern const char *cJSON_GetErrorPtr(void);
//获取错误字符串
要解析的json
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{
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"semantic": {
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"slots": {
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"name":
"张三"
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}
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},
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"rc":
0,
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"operation":
"CALL",
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"service":
"telephone",
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"text":
"打电话给张三"
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}
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include "cJSON.h"
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void printJson(cJSON * root)//以递归的方式打印json的最内层键值对
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{
-
for(
int i=
0; i<cJSON_GetArraySize(root); i++)
//遍历最外层json键值对
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{
-
cJSON * item = cJSON_GetArrayItem(root, i);
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if(cJSON_Object == item->type)
//如果对应键的值仍为cJSON_Object就递归调用printJson
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printJson(item);
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else
//值不为json对象就直接打印出键和值
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{
-
printf(
"%s->", item->
string);
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printf(
"%s\n", cJSON_Print(item));
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}
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}
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}
-
-
int main()
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{
-
char * jsonStr =
"{\"semantic\":{\"slots\":{\"name\":\"张三\"}}, \"rc\":0, \"operation\":\"CALL\", \"service\":\"telephone\", \"text\":\"打电话给张三\"}";
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cJSON * root =
NULL;
-
cJSON * item =
NULL;
//cjson对象
-
-
root = cJSON_Parse(jsonStr);
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if (!root)
-
{
-
printf(
"Error before: [%s]\n",cJSON_GetErrorPtr());
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}
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else
-
{
-
printf(
"%s\n",
"有格式的方式打印Json:");
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printf(
"%s\n\n", cJSON_Print(root));
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printf(
"%s\n",
"无格式方式打印json：");
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printf(
"%s\n\n", cJSON_PrintUnformatted(root));
-
-
printf(
"%s\n",
"一步一步的获取name 键值对:");
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printf(
"%s\n",
"获取semantic下的cjson对象:");
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item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root,
"semantic");
//
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printf(
"%s\n", cJSON_Print(item));
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printf(
"%s\n",
"获取slots下的cjson对象");
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item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(item,
"slots");
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printf(
"%s\n", cJSON_Print(item));
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printf(
"%s\n",
"获取name下的cjson对象");
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item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(item,
"name");
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printf(
"%s\n", cJSON_Print(item));
-
-
printf(
"%s:", item->
string);
//看一下cjson对象的结构体中这两个成员的意思
-
printf(
"%s\n", item->valuestring);
-
-
-
printf(
"\n%s\n",
"打印json所有最内层键值对:");
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printJson(root);
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}
-
return
0;
-
}
二、构造json：
构造 json比较简单，添加json对象即可。参照例子一看大概就明白了。
主要就是用，cJSON_AddItemToObject函数添加json节点。
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xtern cJSON *cJSON_CreateObject(void);
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extern void cJSON_AddItemToObject(cJSON *object,const char *string,cJSON *item);
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extern cJSON *cJSON_CreateNull(void);
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extern cJSON *cJSON_CreateTrue(void);
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extern cJSON *cJSON_CreateFalse(void);
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extern cJSON *cJSON_CreateBool(int b);
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extern cJSON *cJSON_CreateNumber(double num);
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extern cJSON *cJSON_CreateString(const char *string);
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extern cJSON *cJSON_CreateArray(void);
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extern cJSON *cJSON_CreateObject(void);
例子： 要构建的json：
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"semantic": {
-
"slots": {
-
"name":
"张三"
-
}
-
},
-
"rc":
0,
-
"operation":
"CALL",
-
"service":
"telephone",
-
"text":
"打电话给张三"
-
}
-
#include <stdio.h>
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#include "cJSON.h"
-
-
int main()
-
{
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cJSON * root = cJSON_CreateObject();
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cJSON * item = cJSON_CreateObject();
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cJSON * next = cJSON_CreateObject();
-
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cJSON_AddItemToObject(root,
"rc", cJSON_CreateNumber(
0));
//根节点下添加
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cJSON_AddItemToObject(root,
"operation", cJSON_CreateString(
"CALL"));
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cJSON_AddItemToObject(root,
"service", cJSON_CreateString(
"telephone"));
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cJSON_AddItemToObject(root,
"text", cJSON_CreateString(
"打电话给张三"));
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cJSON_AddItemToObject(root,
"semantic", item);
//root节点下添加semantic节点
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cJSON_AddItemToObject(item,
"slots", next);
//semantic节点下添加item节点
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cJSON_AddItemToObject(next,
"name", cJSON_CreateString(
"张三"));
//添加name节点
-
-
printf(
"%s\n", cJSON_Print(root));
-
-
return
0;
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}
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