网络编程TCP/IP
一、概述
地球村:你在西安,你有一个美国的朋友
例如:信件的传输、打电话、发短信
计算机网络
计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
网络编程的目的
无线电台…传播交流信息,数据交流,通信
想要达到效果需要什么
- 如何准确定位到网络上的一台主机 IP+端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
- 找到主机,如何传输数据?
二、网络通信要素
人工智能:智能汽车 工厂 人少
如何实现网络通信?
通信双方地址: IP+端口
- ip
- 端口号
规则:网络通信协议
TCP/IP参考模型[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-bj2RLX2G-1608805017759)(C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20201223175513040.png)]
小结
-
网络编程中主要有两个问题
如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
找到主机之后如何进行通信
-
网络编程中的要素
IP和端口号
网络通信协议 TCP UDP
-
万物皆对象
三、IP
ip地址:InetAddress类
-
唯一定位一台网络上的计算机
-
127.0.0.1:本机localhost
-
ip地址的分类
IPV4/IPV6
- IPV4 127.0.0.1 4个字节组成 0~~~255
- IPV6 ABCD:EF01:2345:6789:ABCD:EF01:2345:6789 128位 8个无符号整数
公网(互联网)/私网(局域网)
- ABCD类地址
- 192.168.xx.xx 专门给组织内部使用的
-
域名
- IP: www.baidu.com
package com.gdh.InetAddress;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本地地址
InetAddress.getLocalHost();
InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress);
//查询网址ip地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
//常用的方法
System.out.println(inetAddress1.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress1.getCanonicalHostName()); //规范的名字
System.out.println(inetAddress1.getHostName()); //域名或者自己电脑的名字
System.out.println(inetAddress1.getHostAddress()); //ip
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
四、 端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程;InetSocketAddress类
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件
-
被规定0~65536
-
TCP,UDP:65535*2 tcp:80 udp:80 单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
-
端口分类
-
共有端口0~1023
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
-
程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配用户或者程序
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
- Sqlserver:1433
-
动态、私有:49152~65535
netstat -ano #查看所有端口 netstat -ano|findstr "7752" #查看指定的端口 tasklist|findstr "2060" #查看指定端口的进程 Ctrl+Shift+ESC #打开任务管理器
package com.gdh.InetAddress; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; public class TestInetSocketAddress { public static void main(String[] args) { InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080); System.out.println(socketAddress); System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress()); //主机地址 System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName()); //主机名 System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort()); //端口 } }
-
五、通信协议
协议:约定,就好比我们现在说的普通话
网络通信协议:速度,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制…
分层:传输层 TCP/IP(实际上是一组协议) 重要的协议 TCP(用户传输协议) UDP(用户数据报协议) IP(网络互连协议)
TCP、UDP对比
-
TCP:打电话
-
需要连接,稳定
-
三次握手 四次挥手
最少需要三次,保证稳定连接! A:你愁啥? B:愁你咋地? C:干一场! A:我要走了 B:你真的要走了吗? B:你真的真的要走了吗? A:我真的要走了
-
客服端,服务端
-
传输完成,释放连接,效率低
-
-
UDP:发短信
- 不用连接,不稳定
- 客服端、服务端:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你、
- 导弹
- DDOS:洪水攻击(饱和攻击)
六、TCP
客户端
-
连接服务器Socket
-
发送消息
package com.gdh.InetAddress.lesson02; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.InetAddress; import java.net.Socket; //客户端 public class TestClientDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) { Socket socket =null; OutputStream os = null; try { //1.要知道服务器的地址,端口 InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"); int port = 9999; //2.创建一个socket连接 socket = new Socket(inetAddress,port); //3.发送消息IO流 os = socket.getOutputStream(); os.write("helllo,您好".getBytes()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (os != null) { try { os.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (socket != null) { try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
服务器
- 建立服务的端口ServerSocker
- 等待用户的连接 accept
- 接收用的消息
package com.gdh.InetAddress.lesson02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TestServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket =null;
Socket socket =null;
InputStream is =null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos =null;
try {
//1.提供一个ip地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true){
//2.等待客户端连接起来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer)) !=-1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//5.关闭资源
if (baos != null) {
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket != null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
package com.gdh.InetAddress.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TestServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户的连接、
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept(); //阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接、
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出 管道流
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端我接收完毕
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了,你可以断开".getBytes());
//5.关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
package com.gdh.InetAddress.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//客户端
public class TestClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
//2.建立输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("looker.jpg"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len); //写出的长度
}
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我己经传输完了
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能断开连接
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//字符串的管道流
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2=is.read(buffer2))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2); //写出的长度
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//关闭资源
baos.close();
is.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
七、UDP
发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方的地址
发送端
package com.gdh.InetAddress.lesson03;
import java.net.*;
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket =new DatagramSocket();
//2.建立包
String msg = "你好,服务器";
InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,inetAddress,port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
package com.gdh.InetAddress.lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
//还是需要等待客户端的连接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开发端口
DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
datagramSocket.receive(packet); //阻塞接收
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
datagramSocket.close();
}
}
循环发送消息
package com.gdh.InetAddress.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
///准备数据 控制台读取System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if(packet.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
接收方
package com.gdh.InetAddress.chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UdpReceviceDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true){
//准备接收的包
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet); //阻塞式接收包裹
//准备数据
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
在线咨询,两个人都可以是发送发,也都可以是接收方
package com.gdh.InetAddress.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket =null;
BufferedReader reader =null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
///准备数据 控制台读取System.in
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
String data = null;
try {
data = reader.readLine();//读取一行信息
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if(packet.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package com.gdh.InetAddress.chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket =null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
//准备接收的包
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet); //阻塞式接收包裹
//准备数据
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData);
if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package com.gdh.InetAddress.chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start(); //接收端口
}
}
package com.gdh.InetAddress.chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();//发送的端口
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生:")).start();
}
}
八、URL统一资源定位符
URL:定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS域名解析 www.daidu.com xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/hello/index.jsp?username=gdh&password=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol()); //协议
System.out.println(url.getHost()); //主机IP
System.out.println(url.getPort()); //端口
System.out.println(url.getPath()); //文件
System.out.println(url.getFile()); //全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery()); //参数
下载网络资源
package com.gdh.InetAddress.lesson04;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("https://www.cnblogs.com/51ma/p/12462688.html");
//2.连接到这个资源HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection =(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("java.html");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fileOutputStream.write(buffer,0,len); //写出这个数据
}
fileOutputStream.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
}
}