centos7使用记录

centos7 yum 配置

重置yum

# 备份
sudo cp /etc/yum.repos.d/* /etc/yum.repos.d.bak/
# 删除
rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*

# 查看版本
lsb_release -d
cat /etc/redhat-release

根据版本寻找 http://mirror.centos.org/centos-7/7/os/x86_64/Packages/

rpm -Uvh --force http://mirror.centos.org/centos-7/7/os/x86_64/Packages/centos-release-7-4.1708.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

更新 centos 镜像源

# 备份
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

yum clean all
yum makecache
yum -y update

http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7Server/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found

在 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/repodata 也能看见 repomd.xml

查看镜像内容

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

修改也无效

手动修改, 才解决

sudo sed -i 's/\$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo 

类似在安装 docker 后也报错

[docker-ce-stable]
name=Docker CE Stable - $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/$basearch/stable
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

sudo sed -i 's/\$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

yum-config-manager

通过 yum-config-manager 命令对/etc/yum.repos.d/（库数据的储存位置）文件夹下文件的增删查改

yum repolist all # 显示所有资源库
yum repolist enabled # 显示所有已启动的资源库
yum repolist disabled # 显示所有被禁用的资源库

# 添加仓库
yum-config-manager --add-repo repository_url

# 仓库禁用与启用
# enabled是否启用这个yum仓库地址，0表示不启动，1表示启动
yum-config-manager --disable repo_id
yum-config-manager --enable repo_id

比如更新 debug 信息

修改镜像

[base-debuginfo]
name=CentOS-7 - Debuginfo
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-debuginfo/7/x86_64/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-7
enabled=1

yum-config-manager --enable base-debuginfo

gdb 提供信息

sudo yum install yum-utils
sudo debuginfo-install glibc-2.17-317.el7.x86_64 libgcc-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64

gcc 切换

 sudo yum install centos-release-scl  
 # 安装指定版本
 sudo yum install devtoolset-11-gcc
 # 激活对应版本
 scl enable devtoolset-11 bash