文章转自:http://blog.csdn.net/wangxuelei036/article/details/78038472
CyclicBarrier和CountdownLatch是java 1.5中提供的一些非常有用的辅助类来帮助我们进行并发编程。
这两个的区别是CyclicBarrier可以重复使用已经通过的障碍,而CountdownLatch不能重复使用。
CountdownLatch:
一个线程(或者多个),等待另外N个线程完成某个事情之后才能执行。是并发包中提供的一个可用于控制多个线程同时开始某个动作的类,其采用的方法为减少计数的方式,当计数减至零时位于latch.Await()后的代码才会被执行,CountDownLatch是减计数方式,计数==0时释放所有等待的线程;CountDownLatch当计数到0时,计数无法被重置;
CyclicBarrier:
字面意思回环栅栏,通过它可以实现让一组线程等待至某个状态之后再全部同时执行。叫做回环是因为当所有等待线程都被释放以后,CyclicBarrier可以被重用。 即:N个线程相互等待,任何一个线程完成之前,所有的线程都必须等待。CyclicBarrier是当await的数量到达了设置的数量的时候,才会继续往下面执行,CyclicBarrier计数达到指定值时,计数置为0重新开始。
对于CountDownLatch来说,重点是那个“一个线程”,是它在等待,而另外那N的线程在把“某个事情”做完之后可以继续等待,可以终止。而对于CyclicBarrier来说,重点是那N个线程,他们之间任何一个没有完成,所有的线程都必须等待。
CountdownLatch测试类:
- import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- /**
- * 测试多个线程结束后开始线程
- */
- public class TestCountDownLatch {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(5);
- Executor executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
- //测试阻塞其他线程
- new Thread(new MyRunnable(countDownLatch)).start();
- //为了测试效果进行线程休眠
- Thread.sleep(1000);
- for(int i = 1;i<=5;i++){
- countDownLatch.countDown();
- System.out.println("第"+i+"调用countDown方法结束");
- //为了测试效果进行线程休眠
- Thread.sleep(1000);
- }
- /*
- * 测试阻塞主线程
- for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
- new Thread(new MyRunnable1(countDownLatch,i+"")).start();
- Thread.sleep(1000);
- }
- try {
- System.out.println("主线程阻塞");
- countDownLatch.await();
- System.out.println("主线程继续执行");
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } */
- }
- }
- class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
- CountDownLatch countDownLatch;
- public MyRunnable(CountDownLatch countDownLatch) {
- this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch;
- }
- @Override
- public void run() {
- try {
- System.out.println("进入线程,即将进入阻塞状态");
- //调用await进行线程阻塞
- countDownLatch.await();
- System.out.println("线程进行执行...");
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- class MyRunnable1 implements Runnable {
- private CountDownLatch countDownLatch;
- private String mark;
- public MyRunnable1(CountDownLatch countDownLatch, String mark) {
- super();
- this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch;
- this.mark = mark;
- }
- @Override
- public void run() {
- System.out.println(mark+"号线程开始");
- try {
- //使线程休眠,看到更好的测试效果
- Thread.sleep(5000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- System.out.println(mark+"号线程结束");
- //调用CountDownLatch的countDown方法进行次数减1
- countDownLatch.countDown();
- }
- public CountDownLatch getCountDownLatch() {
- return countDownLatch;
- }
- public void setCountDownLatch(CountDownLatch countDownLatch) {
- this.countDownLatch = countDownLatch;
- }
- public String getMark() {
- return mark;
- }
- public void setMark(String mark) {
- this.mark = mark;
- }
- }
CyclicBarrier 测试类:
- import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
- import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- /**
- * 测试CyclicBarrier类的使用
- */
- public class TestCyclicBarrier {
- static final Integer NUM = 5;
- public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
- //实例CyclicBarrier对象
- CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(NUM);
- //实例化一个固定大小线程池
- Executor executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(NUM);
- for(int i = 1;i<=NUM;i++){
- //执行线程
- executor.execute(new MyRunnale(cyclicBarrier,i+"号"));
- //为了更好的效果,休眠一秒
- Thread.sleep(1000);
- }
- System.out.println("指令通知完成");
- }
- }
- class MyRunnale implements Runnable{
- private CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier;
- private String mark;
- public MyRunnale(CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier,String mark) {
- super();
- this.cyclicBarrier = cyclicBarrier;
- this.mark = mark;
- }
- @Override
- public void run() {
- System.out.println(mark+"进入线程,线程阻塞中...");
- try {
- // barrier的await方法,在所有参与者都已经在此 barrier 上调用 await 方法之前,将一直等待。
- cyclicBarrier.await();
- Thread.sleep(2000);//为了看到更好的效果,线程阻塞两秒
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- System.out.println(mark+"线程阻塞结束,继续执行...");
- }
- public CyclicBarrier getCyclicBarrier() {
- return cyclicBarrier;
- }
- public void setCyclicBarrier(CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier) {
- this.cyclicBarrier = cyclicBarrier;
- }
- }
CountDownLatch和CyclicBarrier都能够实现线程之间的等待,只不过它们侧重点不同:
CountDownLatch一般用于某个线程A等待若干个其他线程执行完任务之后,它才执行;
而CyclicBarrier一般用于一组线程互相等待至某个状态,然后这一组线程再同时执行;
另外,CountDownLatch是不能够重用的,而CyclicBarrier是可以重用的。