Linux 下网络性能测试工具 iperf 的安装和使用

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转自：https://blog.csdn.net/lidan3959/article/details/30470891

https://blog.csdn.net/hankerzero/article/details/55093915

简介：
Iperf是一个网络性能测试工具。可以测试TCP和UDP带宽质量，可以测量最大TCP带宽，具有多种参数和UDP特性，可以报告带宽，延迟抖动和数据包丢失。
Iperf在linux和windows平台均有二进制版本供自由使用

安装：

下载地址：https://sourceforge.net/projects/iperf/

下载后解压

tar xvf iperf-2.0.5.tar.gz
cd iperf-2.0.5
./configure
make
make install
如果编译失败可重新编译：
make distclean
./configure
make&&make install

 

###############3

0. iperf原理解析

　　iperf工具可以用来测量TCP或者是UDP的网络吞吐量，即bandwidth（带宽）测试。 
　　iPerf的主要目标是帮助调整特定路径上的TCP连接。 众所周知，TCP最基本的调整问题是调整TCP窗口大小，它控制在任何一点在网络中可以有多少数据。如果它太小，发送者将会在一段时间内处于空闲状态，从而影响发送TCP的性能。TCP窗口大小的理论值是：瓶颈带宽与往返延时的乘积，即：

bottleneck bandwidth * round trip time

　　例如瓶颈链路是45 Mbit/sec，使用ping命令测量到的往返时延是42ms。那么TCP窗口的理论值是

45 Mbit/sec * 42 ms = (45e6) * (42e-3) = 1890000 bits= 230 KByte

在实际测试中，可以以计算得到的TCP窗口为基准，在这个值（如上面为230KByte）的基础上，升高或者降低TCP窗口大小，可以得到一个性能的提升。

　　 带宽测试一般来说采用UDP模式测试，因为在UDP模式下能测出极限带宽、路径时延、丢包率，这些测试项会在带宽测试报告中打印出来。在进行测试时，先以链路理论带宽作为数据发送速率进行测试，例如，从客户端到服务器之间的链路的理论带宽为1000Mbps，先用 -b 1000M进行测试，然后根据测试结果（包括实际带宽，时延抖动和丢包率），再以实际带宽作为数据发送速率进行测试，会发现时延抖动和丢包率比第一次好很多，重复测试几次，就能得出稳定的实际带宽。 
　　iperf是基于server-client模式工作的，因此，要使用iperf测试带宽，需要建立一个服务端（用于丢弃流量）和一个客户端（用于产生流量）。iperf服务端或者是客户端，都是使用的同一个命令，不过是启动命令的选项不同而已。

1. iperf服务启动方式

先看下服务端和客户端的启动方式：

• 服务端

iperf -s

• 客户端

iperf -c

注意：iperf默认测试的是TCP协议的带宽，如果需要测试UDP的带宽，则需要加上-u选项

2. iperf常用选项

　 
　　iperf选项分为 通用选项、服务端特定选项以及客户端特定选项

• 通用选项

-f <kmKM>    报告输出格式。 [kmKM]   format to report: Kbits, Mbits, KBytes, MBytes
-i <sec>    在周期性报告带宽之间暂停n秒。如周期是10s，则-i指定为2，则每隔2秒报告一次带宽测试情况,则共计报告5次
-p    设置服务端监听的端口，默认是5001
-u    使用UDP协议测试
-w n<K/M>   指定TCP窗口大小
-m    输出MTU大小
-M    设置MTU大小
-o <filename>    结果输出至文件

• 端选项

-s    iperf服务器模式
-d    以后台模式运行服务端
-U    运行一个单一线程的UDP模式

• 客户端选项

-b , --bandwidth n[KM]    指定客户端通过UDP协议发送数据的带宽（bit/s）。默认是1Mbit/s
-c <ServerIP>    以客户端模式运行iperf，并且连接至服务端主机ServerIP。 eg:  iperf -c <server_ip>
-d    双向测试
-t    指定iperf带宽测试时间，默认是10s。  eg:  iperf -c <server_ip> -t 20
-P    指定客户端并发线程数，默认只运行一个线程。 eg,指定3个线程 : iperf -c <server_ip> -P 3
-T    指定TTL值

3.实例

master 为服务端 
minion 为客户端 
注意：必须先运行iperf server

• 2秒返回一次带宽测试报告

[root@master ~]# iperf -s -i 2
------------------------------------------------------------
Server listening on TCP port 5001
TCP window size: 85.3 KByte (default)
------------------------------------------------------------
[  4] local 192.168.159.135 port 5001 connected with 192.168.159.136 port 57065
[ ID] Interval       Transfer     Bandwidth
[  4]  0.0- 2.0 sec   907 MBytes  3.80 Gbits/sec
[  4]  2.0- 4.0 sec   870 MBytes  3.65 Gbits/sec
[  4]  4.0- 6.0 sec   864 MBytes  3.62 Gbits/sec
[  4]  6.0- 8.0 sec   949 MBytes  3.98 Gbits/sec
[  4]  8.0-10.0 sec   813 MBytes  3.41 Gbits/sec
[  4]  0.0-10.0 sec  4.31 GBytes  3.69 Gbits/sec

[root@minion ~]# iperf -c 192.168.159.135 -i 2
------------------------------------------------------------
Client connecting to 192.168.159.135, TCP port 5001
TCP window size: 19.3 KByte (default)
------------------------------------------------------------
[  3] local 192.168.159.136 port 57065 connected with 192.168.159.135 port 5001
[ ID] Interval       Transfer     Bandwidth
[  3]  0.0- 2.0 sec   912 MBytes  3.82 Gbits/sec
[  3]  2.0- 4.0 sec   872 MBytes  3.66 Gbits/sec
[  3]  4.0- 6.0 sec   863 MBytes  3.62 Gbits/sec
[  3]  6.0- 8.0 sec   949 MBytes  3.98 Gbits/sec
[  3]  8.0-10.0 sec   814 MBytes  3.41 Gbits/sec
[  3]  0.0-10.0 sec  4.31 GBytes  3.70 Gbits/sec

　　上面两个测试很简单，但需要注意的是，以上测试都是客户端到服务端的上行带宽测试。如果还需要进行下行测试，我们可以直接使用双向测试，测试如下：

• 双向测试

[root@master ~]# iperf -s
------------------------------------------------------------
Server listening on TCP port 5001
TCP window size: 85.3 KByte (default)
------------------------------------------------------------
[  4] local 192.168.159.135 port 5001 connected with 192.168.159.136 port 56617
------------------------------------------------------------
Client connecting to 192.168.159.136, TCP port 5001
TCP window size: 19.3 KByte (default)
------------------------------------------------------------
[  5] local 192.168.159.135 port 48055 connected with 192.168.159.136 port 5001
[ ID] Interval       Transfer     Bandwidth
[  4]  0.0- 2.0 sec   528 MBytes  2.20 Gbits/sec
[  5]  0.0- 2.0 sec   425 MBytes  1.78 Gbits/sec

[root@minion ~]# iperf -c 192.168.159.135 -t 2 -d
------------------------------------------------------------
Server listening on TCP port 5001
TCP window size: 85.3 KByte (default)
------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------
Client connecting to 192.168.159.135, TCP port 5001
TCP window size:  174 KByte (default)
------------------------------------------------------------
[  5] local 192.168.159.136 port 56617 connected with 192.168.159.135 port 5001
[  4] local 192.168.159.136 port 5001 connected with 192.168.159.135 port 48055
[ ID] Interval       Transfer     Bandwidth
[  5]  0.0- 2.0 sec   528 MBytes  2.21 Gbits/sec
[  4]  0.0- 2.0 sec   425 MBytes  1.77 Gbits/sec

注意看下面两行：

[  5] local 192.168.159.136 port 56617 connected with 192.168.159.135 port 5001
[  4] local 192.168.159.136 port 5001 connected with 192.168.159.135 port 48055

[5]标志开头的是上行测试，因为server端端口才是5001。相应的，[4]标志开头的是下行测试。后面的带宽测试打印的时候，都是以[5]、[4]标记来区分是上行还是下行的。

• UDP测试

  　　该测试中理论带宽10000Mbits/s（内网，万兆交换机，万兆网卡）。因此测试时我先按照理论带宽10000Mbits/sec来测试，然后根据测试报告，反复测试，得到极限带宽为815 Mbits/sec 。 
  　　测试报告如下：

[root@master ~]# iperf -s -u 
------------------------------------------------------------
Server listening on UDP port 5001
Receiving 1470 byte datagrams
UDP buffer size:  122 KByte (default)
------------------------------------------------------------
[  3] local 10.65.14.43 port 5001 connected with 10.65.14.42 port 5586
[ ID] Interval       Transfer     Bandwidth        Jitter   Lost/Total Datagrams
[  3]  0.0-60.0 sec  4.11 GBytes   588 Mbits/sec   0.000 ms 1158071/4158943 (28%)
[  3]  0.0-60.0 sec  1 datagrams received out-of-order
[  4] local 10.65.14.43 port 5001 connected with 10.65.14.42 port 39851
[  4]  0.0-60.0 sec  5.33 GBytes   763 Mbits/sec   0.014 ms 264719/4158695 (6.4%)
[  4]  0.0-60.0 sec  1 datagrams received out-of-order
[  3] local 10.65.14.43 port 5001 connected with 10.65.14.42 port 56885
[  3]  0.0-60.0 sec  5.48 GBytes   784 Mbits/sec   0.017 ms   49/3999977 (0.0012%)
[  3]  0.0-60.0 sec  1 datagrams received out-of-order
[  4] local 10.65.14.43 port 5001 connected with 10.65.14.42 port 30343
[  4]  0.0-60.0 sec  5.69 GBytes   815 Mbits/sec   0.013 ms  727/4157413 (0.017%)
[  4]  0.0-60.0 sec  1 datagrams received out-of-order
[  3] local 10.65.14.43 port 5001 connected with 10.65.14.42 port 17417
[  3]  0.0-60.0 sec  5.69 GBytes   815 Mbits/sec   0.013 ms 2061/4158792 (0.05%)
[  3]  0.0-60.0 sec  1 datagrams received out-of-order

[root@minion ~]# iperf -c 10.65.14.43 -u -m -t 60 -i 10 -b 10000M
------------------------------------------------------------
Client connecting to 10.65.14.43, UDP port 5001
Sending 1470 byte datagrams
UDP buffer size:  122 KByte (default)
------------------------------------------------------------
[  3] local 10.65.14.42 port 5586 connected with 10.65.14.43 port 5001
[ ID] Interval       Transfer     Bandwidth
[  3]  0.0-10.0 sec   972 MBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3] 10.0-20.0 sec   972 MBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3] 20.0-30.0 sec   972 MBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3] 30.0-40.0 sec   972 MBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3] 40.0-50.0 sec   972 MBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3]  0.0-60.0 sec  5.69 GBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3] Sent 4158944 datagrams
[  3] Server Report:
[  3]  0.0-60.0 sec  4.11 GBytes   588 Mbits/sec   0.000 ms 1158071/4158943 (28%)
[  3]  0.0-60.0 sec  1 datagrams received out-of-order


[root@minion ~]# iperf -c 10.65.14.43 -u -m -t 60 -i 10 -b 1000M 
------------------------------------------------------------
Client connecting to 10.65.14.43, UDP port 5001
Sending 1470 byte datagrams
UDP buffer size:  122 KByte (default)
------------------------------------------------------------
[  3] local 10.65.14.42 port 39851 connected with 10.65.14.43 port 5001
[ ID] Interval       Transfer     Bandwidth
[  3]  0.0-10.0 sec   972 MBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3] 10.0-20.0 sec   972 MBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3] 20.0-30.0 sec   972 MBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3] 30.0-40.0 sec   972 MBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3] 40.0-50.0 sec   972 MBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3]  0.0-60.0 sec  5.69 GBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3] Sent 4158696 datagrams
[  3] Server Report:
[  3]  0.0-60.0 sec  5.33 GBytes   763 Mbits/sec   0.013 ms 264719/4158695 (6.4%)
[  3]  0.0-60.0 sec  1 datagrams received out-of-order


[root@minion ~]# iperf -c 10.65.14.43 -u -m -t 60 -i 10 -b 763M 
------------------------------------------------------------
Client connecting to 10.65.14.43, UDP port 5001
Sending 1470 byte datagrams
UDP buffer size:  122 KByte (default)
------------------------------------------------------------
[  3] local 10.65.14.42 port 56885 connected with 10.65.14.43 port 5001
[ ID] Interval       Transfer     Bandwidth
[  3]  0.0-10.0 sec   935 MBytes   784 Mbits/sec
[  3] 10.0-20.0 sec   935 MBytes   784 Mbits/sec
[  3] 20.0-30.0 sec   935 MBytes   784 Mbits/sec
[  3] 30.0-40.0 sec   935 MBytes   784 Mbits/sec
[  3] 40.0-50.0 sec   935 MBytes   784 Mbits/sec
[  3] 50.0-60.0 sec   935 MBytes   784 Mbits/sec
[  3]  0.0-60.0 sec  5.48 GBytes   784 Mbits/sec
[  3] Sent 3999978 datagrams
[  3] Server Report:
[  3]  0.0-60.0 sec  5.48 GBytes   784 Mbits/sec   0.017 ms   49/3999977 (0.0012%)
[  3]  0.0-60.0 sec  1 datagrams received out-of-order


[root@minion ~]# iperf -c 10.65.14.43 -u -m -t 60 -i 10 -b 784M
------------------------------------------------------------
Client connecting to 10.65.14.43, UDP port 5001
Sending 1470 byte datagrams
UDP buffer size:  122 KByte (default)
------------------------------------------------------------
[  3] local 10.65.14.42 port 30343 connected with 10.65.14.43 port 5001
[ ID] Interval       Transfer     Bandwidth
[  3]  0.0-10.0 sec   972 MBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3] 10.0-20.0 sec   971 MBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3] 20.0-30.0 sec   971 MBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3] 30.0-40.0 sec   971 MBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3] 40.0-50.0 sec   971 MBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3] 50.0-60.0 sec   971 MBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3]  0.0-60.0 sec  5.69 GBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3] Sent 4157414 datagrams
[  3] Server Report:
[  3]  0.0-60.0 sec  5.69 GBytes   815 Mbits/sec   0.013 ms  727/4157413 (0.017%)
[  3]  0.0-60.0 sec  1 datagrams received out-of-order


[root@minion ~]# iperf -c 10.65.14.43 -u -m -t 60 -i 10 -b 815M
------------------------------------------------------------
Client connecting to 10.65.14.43, UDP port 5001
Sending 1470 byte datagrams
UDP buffer size:  122 KByte (default)
------------------------------------------------------------
[  3] local 10.65.14.42 port 17417 connected with 10.65.14.43 port 5001
[ ID] Interval       Transfer     Bandwidth
[  3]  0.0-10.0 sec   972 MBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3] 10.0-20.0 sec   972 MBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3] 20.0-30.0 sec   972 MBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3] 30.0-40.0 sec   972 MBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3] 40.0-50.0 sec   972 MBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3] 50.0-60.0 sec   972 MBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3]  0.0-60.0 sec  5.69 GBytes   815 Mbits/sec
[  3] Sent 4158793 datagrams
[  3] Server Report:
[  3]  0.0-60.0 sec  5.69 GBytes   815 Mbits/sec   0.013 ms 2061/4158792 (0.05%)
[  3]  0.0-60.0 sec  1 datagrams received out-of-order