1、什么是hibernate?
ORM框架/持久层框架: Object Relational Mapping
通过管理对象来改变数据库中的数据
通过管理对象来操作数据库
2、优势:跨数据库的无缝移植
3、使用hiberenate:
3-1:构建Maven ,在pom.xml添加hibernate相关依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>5.3.6.Final</version>
</dependency>
3-2: 在resource目录下添加hibernate.cfg.xml(核心配置文件):
3-2-1:找到hibernate的jar包里面的hibernate-configuration.dtd文件,如下:
3-2-2:打开hibernate-configuration.dtd,找到其引用,将其复制到hibernate.cfg.xml(核心配置文件)
3-2-3:hibernate.cfg.xml(核心配置文件):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- 1. 数据库相关 -->
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<property name="connection.password">123</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8</property>
<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<!-- 配置本地事务(No CurrentSessionContext configured!) -->
<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>
<!-- 2. 调试相关 -->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<property name="format_sql">true</property>
<!--hibernate需要管理的数据库表对应的实体类映射文件 -->
<mapping resource="com/zking/one/entity/User.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
3-3: 在开发阶段再创建实体类和实体映射文件(*.hbm.xml),如:
3-3-1:创建User实体类:
注意: 实体必须实现Serializable接口:
package com.zking.one.entity;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class User implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -3363120264501521428L;
private Integer id;
private String userName;
private String userPwd;
private String realName;
private String sex;
private java.sql.Date birthday;
private java.sql.Timestamp createDatetime;
private String remark;
public User() {
super();
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getUserPwd() {
return userPwd;
}
public void setUserPwd(String userPwd) {
this.userPwd = userPwd;
}
public String getRealName() {
return realName;
}
public void setRealName(String realName) {
this.realName = realName;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public java.sql.Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(java.sql.Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public java.sql.Timestamp getCreateDatetime() {
return createDatetime;
}
public void setCreateDatetime(java.sql.Timestamp createDatetime) {
this.createDatetime = createDatetime;
}
public String getRemark() {
return remark;
}
public void setRemark(String remark) {
this.remark = remark;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", userName=" + userName + ", userPwd=" + userPwd + ", realName=" + realName
+ ", sex=" + sex + ", birthday=" + birthday + ", createDatetime=" + createDatetime + ", remark="
+ remark + "]";
}
}
3-3-2:创建实体类映射文件(hbm.xml),详情请看代码注解:
如果没有快捷提示,可以去配置dtd文件,详细步骤见:添加链接描述
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<!--
table:实体类所对应的表
name:实体类的全类名
-->
<class table="t_hibernate_user" name="com.zking.one.entity.User">
<!--
name:实体类的属性
type:实体类的属性类型
column:数据库表的主键列(必须与数据库保持一致)
increment:自增长
-->
<id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer" column="id">
<generator class="increment"></generator>
</id>
<!-- id标签打头,代表配置的是数据库表主键与实体类的关系,其他 property配置 的是数据库表的普通列-->
<property name="userName" type="java.lang.String" column="user_name"></property>
<property name="userPwd" type="java.lang.String" column="user_pwd"></property>
<property name="realName" type="java.lang.String" column="real_name"></property>
<property name="sex" type="java.lang.String" column="sex"></property>
<property name="remark" type="java.lang.String" column="remark"></property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
注意:实体映射文件一定要加到核心配置文件(hibernate.cfg.xml)
3-4:简单的增加:注意:只有 在实体类的映射文件里面配置了属性才能增加成功,没配则无法添加进去。
package com.zking.one.test;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import com.zking.one.entity.User;
public class Demo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
/**
* 1、读取hibernate.cgf.xml文件
* 2、通过xml建模得到sessionfactory工厂
* 3、获取数据库操作的当前会话(session)
* 4、开启事务
* 5、具体的数据库操作
* 6、提交事务
* 7、将会话(session)关闭
*/
//1、读取hibernate.cgf.xml文件
Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure("hibernate.cfg.xml");
//2、通过xml建模得到sessionfactory工厂
SessionFactory sessionFactory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
//3、获取数据库操作的当前会话(session)
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
//4、开启事务
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
//5、具体的数据库操作
User user = new User();
user.setUserName("癫");
user.setRealName("can");
user.setUserPwd("123123");
user.setSex("男");
user.setRemark("hhhh");
//执行保存方法(所谓增加)
session.save(user);
//6、提交事务
transaction.commit();
//7、将会话(session)关闭
session.close();
}
}
3-5:增删改方法同上:
3-5-1:增加:session.save(user);
3-5-2:修改:session.update(user);
例如:
User user = session.get(User.class, 3);
System.out.println(user.getRealName());
user.setRealName("can10");
transaction.commit();
session.close();
3-5-3:删除:session.delete(user);
先查再删除,保证程序的健壮性:
例如:
User u = (User) session.get(User.class,99);
if(null!=u){
session.delete(u);//比如id=99不存在,直接删除就会报错
}