* 先创建数据库
create database models charset=utf8
* 在settings中
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': "models",
'USER':'root',
'PASSWORD':'admin',
'HOST':'127.0.0.1',
'PORT':3306
}
}
(2)查看执行的sql语句
* connection.queries 指的是执行过的所有的语句,最后一条也就是我们刚刚执行的语句
def showsql():
from django.db import connection
queries = connection.queries
print queries[-1]['sql']
(3)根据已有的数据库生成model(数据模型)
python manage.py inspectdb > 模块名/models.py
(4)查询操作
* retrieve(检索)
* Movie.objects.all()获得所有的数据
SELECT `movie`.`mid`, `movie`.`mname`, `movie`.`mdesc`, `movie`.`mimg`, `movie`.`mlink` FROM `movie` LIMIT 21
* get()方法
Movie.objects.get(mid = 1000)
SELECT `movie`.`mid`, `movie`.`mname`, `movie`.`mdesc`, `movie`.`mimg`, `movie`.`mlink` FROM `movie` WHERE `movie`.`mid` = 1000
Movie.objects.get(mid__exact =1000 )
没有数据(DoesNotExist)或者大于1个数据都会出错(MultipleObjectsReturned)
* filter()过滤条件
Movie.objects.filter(mid__gt=1000)
SELECT `movie`.`mid`, `movie`.`mname`, `movie`.`mdesc`, `movie`.`mimg`, `movie`.`mlink` FROM `movie` WHERE `movie`.`mid` > 1000 LIMIT 21
Movie.objects.filter(mid__lt=1000)
SELECT `movie`.`mid`, `movie`.`mname`, `movie`.`mdesc`, `movie`.`mimg`, `movie`.`mlink` FROM `movie` WHERE `movie`.`mid` < 1000 LIMIT 21
Movie.objects.filter(mid__lte=1000)
Movie.objects.filter(mid__gte=1000)
Movie.objects.filter(mid__range=(1,1000))
SELECT `movie`.`mid`, `movie`.`mname`, `movie`.`mdesc`, `movie`.`mimg`, `movie`.`mlink` FROM `movie` WHERE `movie`.`mid` BETWEEN 1 AND 1000 LIMIT 21
* Movie.objects.filter(mname__contains='爱情')
SELECT `movie`.`mid`, `movie`.`mname`, `movie`.`mdesc`, `movie`.`mimg`, `movie`.`mlink` FROM `movie` WHERE `movie`.`mname` = '%爱情%' LIMIT 21
* Movie.objects.filter(mname__startswith='爱情')
SELECT `movie`.`mid`, `movie`.`mname`, `movie`.`mdesc`, `movie`.`mimg`, `movie`.`mlink` FROM `movie` WHERE `movie`.`mname` LIKE BINARY '爱情%' LIMIT 21
(
遇到了脏数据(数据清洗)
name多行文本,有很多空格,换行符for m in Movie.objects.all():
m.mname=m.mname.strip()
m.save()
)
* 查询(爱情开头,了结尾)
* Movie.objects.filter(mname__startswith='爱情',mname__endswith='了')
* Movie.objects.filter(mname__startswith='爱情').filter(mname__endswith='了')
SELECT `movie`.`mid`, `movie`.`mname`, `movie`.`mdesc`, `movie`.`mimg`, `movie`.`mlink` FROM `movie` WHERE (`movie`.`mname` LIKE BINARY '爱情%' AND `movie`.`mname` LIKE BINARY '%了') LIMIT 21
* 时间相关的
User.objects.filter(birthday__in=('2000-11-20','2017-11-11'))
SELECT `movie_user`.`id`, `movie_user`.`name`, `movie_user`.`birthday` FROM `movie_user` WHERE `movie_user`.`birthday` IN ('2017-11-11', '2000-11-20') LIMIT 21
*F(函数)from django.db.models import F
* 查询的电影不包含爱情的
* Movie.objects.exclude(mname__contains='爱情')
SELECT `movie`.`mid`, `movie`.`mname`, `movie`.`mdesc`, `movie`.`mimg`, `movie`.`mlink` FROM `movie` WHERE NOT (`movie`.`mname` LIKE BINARY '%爱情%') LIMIT 21* 获得第一条数据
Movie.objects.first()
SELECT `movie`.`mid`, `movie`.`mname`, `movie`.`mdesc`, `movie`.`mimg`, `movie`.`mlink` FROM `movie` ORDER BY `movie`.`mid` ASC LIMIT 1
* 获得最后一条语句
Movie.objects.last()
SELECT `movie`.`mid`, `movie`.`mname`, `movie`.`mdesc`, `movie`.`mimg`, `movie`.`mlink` FROM `movie` ORDER BY `movie`.`mid` DESC LIMIT 1
* 惰性查询
* **再查询多条数据的时候,什么时候用什么时候查**
movies = Movie.objects.all()
这时候,有没有查询数据,没有
什么时候用什么时候查询
print movies
<font color='red'>多余超过一个数据,会惰性查询
<font color='red'>一个数据get,first,last都不会</font>
* **再查询多条数据的时候,不用全部查询过来,而是查询有限的个数(21)** 1.11.6
* 切割 [1,2,3][1:2]
Movie.objects.all()[:5]
Movie.objects.all()[10:20]
SELECT `movie`.`mid`, `movie`.`mname`, `movie`.`mdesc`, `movie`.`mimg`, `movie`.`mlink` FROM `movie` LIMIT 10 OFFSET 10
* 用途 分页 等
(5) 排序
* Movie.objects.order_by('-mid').all()降序
* Movie.objects.order_by('mid').all()
* Movie.objects.order_by('mname','-mid')多个字段排序
* 使用values查询 部分属性
* QuerySet 结果集
* 惰性,什么时候使用什么时候查询
* 缓存
* 聚合函数
* 针对一系列记录的
* count,max,min,avg,sum
from django.db.models import Count
Movie.objects.aggregate(count=Count('*'))
SELECT COUNT(*) AS `count` FROM `movie`
* 分组
* group_by (分组),聚合一旦和分组使用
* 聚合函数,就会统计同一组下面的记录
* 统计类别下面有多少篇文章
* Post.objects.values('category__name').annotate(count= Count('*'))
SELECT `post_category`.`name`, COUNT(*) AS `count` FROM `post_post` INNER JOIN `post_category` ON (`post_post`.`category_id` = `post_category`.`id`) GROUP BY `post_category`.`name` ORDER BY NULL LIMIT 21
* 时间分组聚合
* Post.objects.values('created').annotate(count = Count('*'))
SELECT `post_post`.`created`, COUNT(*) AS `count` FROM `post_post` GROUP BY `post_post`.`created` ORDER BY NULL
* 原生的操作
* Post.objects.raw('select * from post_post ') 查询语句
* connection (默认的数据连接对象)
from django.db import connection
cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.execute('操作语句')
cursor.close()
* timedelta (专门时间+-操作)
* Post.objects.update(created = F('created')+timedelta(days = -1)) 更新当前帖子的时间
* F('created')获得当前帖子的时间
* Post.objects.filter(id = 2).update(created = F('created')+timedelta(days = -100))
* Post.objects.filter(created__gte=date.today()+timedelta(days= -200))
SELECT `post_post`.`id`, `post_post`.`title`, `post_post`.`category_id`, `post_post`.`created` FROM `post_post` WHERE `post_post`.`created` >= '2017-04-08' LIMIT 21
* 热帖例子
* Post.objects.filter(remark__gte=F('read')/2).filter(remark__gte=50)
SELECT `post_post`.`id`, `post_post`.`title`, `post_post`.`category_id`, `post_post`.`created`, `post_post`.`remark`, `post_post`.`read` FROM `post_post` WHERE (`post_post`.`remark` >= ((`post_post`.`read` / 2)) AND `post_post`.`remark` >= 50) LIMIT 21
* F 可以操作的运算符+-*/%
* Q类功能,主要作用在filter(其实就是过滤条件)
* 与或非 and or ~
* 想查询电影中名字包含爱情或者包含犯罪关键字的电影
Movie.objects.filter(Q(mname__contains='爱情')|Q(mname__contains='犯罪'))
SELECT `movie`.`mid`, `movie`.`mname`, `movie`.`mdesc`, `movie`.`mimg`, `movie`.`mlink` FROM `movie` WHERE (`movie`.`mname` LIKE BINARY '%爱情%' OR `movie`.`mname` LIKE BINARY '%犯罪%') LIMIT 21
* 想查询电影中名字包含爱情或者包含犯罪关键字的电影
Movie.objects.filter(Q(mname__contains='爱情')&Q(mname__contains='犯罪'))
SELECT `movie`.`mid`, `movie`.`mname`, `movie`.`mdesc`, `movie`.`mimg`, `movie`.`mlink` FROM `movie` WHERE (`movie`.`mname` LIKE BINARY '%爱情%' AND `movie`.`mname` LIKE BINARY '%犯罪%') LIMIT 21
* 想查询电影中名字不包含爱情
Movie.objects.filter(~Q(mname__contains='爱情'))
### create ###
* 第一种
cate = Category(name='大数据')
cate.save()保存
* 第二种使用objects(Manager)(针对于每一张表都有一个管理器)
Category.objects.create(name= '大数据')
### delete ###
* 第一种
cate = Category.objects.get(id = 1)
cate.delete()
* 第二种使用objects(Manager)(针对于每一张表都有一个管理器)
Category.objects.get(name = '前端').delete()
Category.objects.filter(name ='张三').delete()
### 更新 ###
* 通过对象更新
post = Post.objects.get(title = 'HTML详解')
post.title='HTML基础教程'
post.save()
虽然我只是修改了标题,但是所有的字段都会更新(就是对象的主键)
UPDATE `post_post` SET `title` = 'HTML基础', `category_id` = 17, `created` = '2017-10-25', `remark` = 0, `read` = 0 WHERE `post_post`.`id` = 4
* 第二种使用objects(Manager)(针对于每一张表都有一个管理器)
* Post.objects.filter(title = 'HTML基础').update(title= 'HTML详解',read=10)
UPDATE `post_post` SET `read` = 10, `title` = 'HTML详解' WHERE `post_post`.`title` = 'HTML基础'
## 关系 ##
* 1对1 身份证:征信记录
* 1对n 博客:帖子,教室:学生 消费者:商品
* n对n 老师:学生。学生:选课,博客:标签
## 1对多查找 ##
* 正向
获得1的类的实例
实例.多的类_set.all()
cate = Category.objects.first()
cate.post_set.all()
* 反向
获得多的类的实例
实例.字段
post = Post.objects.first()
post.category 类别
## 多对多 ##
* 正向
获得多的类的实例
实例.多的类_set.all()
tag = Tag.objects.all()
tag.post_set.all()
* 反向
获得多的类的实例
实例.多的类_set.all()
post = Post.objects.first()
post.tags.all()
## 结论 ##
* 只要获得任何一个实例(对象),和这个实例相关的都能查到。
### migrate迁移之后缺失字段或者缺失表 ###
* 删除模块migrations目录下的所有迁移文件
* DELETE from django_migrations where app = 'post'
* 如果**表已经存在(只能删除模块下的表)
* python manage.py migrate
### 添加1对多对象 ###
* 从数据库获得外键对象/创建一个对象保存到数据库中
### 如果已有数据库 ###
python manage.py inspectdb > 模块/models.py