This post will explain how to use the UVM Register Abstraction Layer (RAL) to generate register transactions. The figure below shows the verification platform used for this post. Among other things, the jelly_bean_reg_block, the jelly_bean_reg_adapter, and the jelly_bean_reg_predictor are the classes used for the register abstraction.
Verification Platform
The figure below shows the diagram of the RAL-related classes. The standard UVM classes are shown in pink, while the jelly-bean classes are shown in light blue. The diagram looks busy, but bear in mind that I will explain each jelly-bean class one by one.
Diagram of the Jelly-Bean-Register Related Classes
Register Definitions
In the previous posts, the DUT had no accessible registers. We are going to add the registers that hold jelly-bean recipe information and its taste. We will also add a command input port to the DUT so that we can write a jelly-bean recipe to the register and read its taste. The figure below shows the register definition of the DUT.
The source code of the DUT (jelly_bean_taster) is shown below. When the command input is WRITE, the values of flavor, color, sugar_free, and sour input ports are written to the RECIPE register (line 22 to 25). When the command input is READ, the TASTE register is read out and the taste output is driven accordingly (line 27).
module jelly_bean_taster( jelly_bean_if.slave_mp jb_slave_if );
import jelly_bean_pkg::*;
reg [2:0] flavor;
reg [1:0] color;
reg sugar_free;
reg sour;
reg [1:0] command;
reg [1:0] taste;
initial begin
flavor = 0;
color = 0;
sugar_free = 0;
sour = 0;
command = 0;
taste = 0;
end
always @ ( posedge jb_slave_if.clk ) begin
if ( jb_slave_if.command == jelly_bean_types::WRITE ) begin
flavor < = jb_slave_if.flavor;
color <= jb_slave_if.color;
sugar_free <= jb_slave_if.sugar_free;
sour <= jb_slave_if.sour;
end else if ( jb_slave_if.command == jelly_bean_types::READ ) begin
jb_slave_if.taste <= taste;
end
end
always @ ( posedge jb_slave_if.clk ) begin
if ( jb_slave_if.flavor == jelly_bean_types::CHOCOLATE &&
jb_slave_if.sour ) begin
taste <= jelly_bean_types::YUCKY;
end else if ( jb_slave_if.flavor != jelly_bean_types::NO_FLAVOR ) begin
taste <= jelly_bean_types::YUMMY;
end
end
endmodule: jelly_bean_tasterRegister Model
The model of the RECIPE register is defined by extending the uvm_reg class. Each field of the register is defined as a uvm_reg_field (line 4 to 7). The fields are configured in the build function. Note that the name, build, is used for convenience. Do not confuse it with the build_phase of the uvm_component because the uvm_reg is not a uvm_component.
class jelly_bean_recipe_reg extends uvm_reg;
`uvm_object_utils( jelly_bean_recipe_reg )
rand uvm_reg_field flavor;
rand uvm_reg_field color;
rand uvm_reg_field sugar_free;
rand uvm_reg_field sour;
constraint flavor_color_con {
flavor.value != jelly_bean_types::NO_FLAVOR;
flavor.value == jelly_bean_types::APPLE
-> color.value != jelly_bean_types::BLUE;
flavor.value == jelly_bean_types::BLUEBERRY
-> color.value == jelly_bean_types::BLUE;
flavor.value < = jelly_bean_types::CHOCOLATE;
}
function new( string name = "jelly_bean_recipe_reg" );
super.new( .name( name ), .n_bits( 7 ), .has_coverage( UVM_NO_COVERAGE ) );
endfunction: new
virtual function void build();
flavor = uvm_reg_field::type_id::create( "flavor" );
flavor.configure( .parent ( this ),
.size ( 3 ),
.lsb_pos ( 0 ),
.access ( "WO" ),
.volatile ( 0 ),
.reset ( 0 ),
.has_reset ( 1 ),
.is_rand ( 1 ),
.individually_accessible( 0 ) );
color = uvm_reg_field::type_id::create( "color" );
color.configure( .parent ( this ),
.size ( 2 ),
.lsb_pos ( 3 ),
.access ( "WO" ),
.volatile ( 0 ),
.reset ( 0 ),
.has_reset ( 1 ),
.is_rand ( 1 ),
.individually_accessible( 0 ) );
sugar_free = uvm_reg_field::type_id::create( "sugar_free" );
sugar_free.configure( .parent ( this ),
.size ( 1 ),
.lsb_pos ( 5 ),
.access ( "WO" ),
.volatile ( 0 ),
.reset ( 0 ),
.has_reset ( 1 ),
.is_rand ( 1 ),
.individually_accessible( 0 ) );
sour = uvm_reg_field::type_id::create( "sour" );
sour.configure( .parent ( this ),
.size ( 1 ),
.lsb_pos ( 6 ),
.access ( "WO" ),
.volatile ( 0 ),
.reset ( 0 ),
.has_reset ( 1 ),
.is_rand ( 1 ),
.individually_accessible( 0 ) );
endfunction: build
endclass: jelly_bean_recipe_regThe model of the TASTE register is similarly defined.
class jelly_bean_taste_reg extends uvm_reg;
`uvm_object_utils( jelly_bean_taste_reg )
rand uvm_reg_field taste;
function new( string name = "jelly_bean_taste_reg" );
super.new( .name( name ), .n_bits( 2 ), .has_coverage( UVM_NO_COVERAGE ) );
endfunction: new
virtual function void build();
taste = uvm_reg_field::type_id::create("taste");
taste.configure( .parent ( this ),
.size ( 2 ),
.lsb_pos ( 0 ),
.access ( "RO" ),
.volatile ( 1 ),
.reset ( 0 ),
.has_reset ( 1 ),
.is_rand ( 1 ),
.individually_accessible( 1 ) );
endfunction: build
endclass: jelly_bean_taste_regRegister Block
The jelly_bean_reg_block contains the two registers created above and defines a register map.
class jelly_bean_reg_block extends uvm_reg_block;
`uvm_object_utils( jelly_bean_reg_block )
rand jelly_bean_recipe_reg jb_recipe_reg;
rand jelly_bean_taste_reg jb_taste_reg;
uvm_reg_map reg_map;
function new( string name = "jelly_bean_reg_block" );
super.new( .name( name ), .has_coverage( UVM_NO_COVERAGE ) );
endfunction: new
virtual function void build();
jb_recipe_reg = jelly_bean_recipe_reg::type_id::create( "jb_recipe_reg" );
jb_recipe_reg.configure( .blk_parent( this ) );
jb_recipe_reg.build();
jb_taste_reg = jelly_bean_taste_reg::type_id::create( "jb_taste_reg" );
jb_taste_reg.configure( .blk_parent( this ) );
jb_taste_reg.build();
reg_map = create_map( .name( "reg_map" ), .base_addr( 8'h00 ),
.n_bytes( 1 ), .endian( UVM_LITTLE_ENDIAN ) );
reg_map.add_reg( .rg( jb_recipe_reg ), .offset( 8'h00 ), .rights( "WO" ) );
reg_map.add_reg( .rg( jb_taste_reg ), .offset( 8'h01 ), .rights( "RO" ) );
lock_model(); // finalize the address mapping
endfunction: build
endclass: jelly_bean_reg_blockRegister Adapter
The jelly_bean_reg_adapter class provides two functions to convert between a uvm_reg_bus_op and a jelly_bean_transaction. The reg2bus function converts a uvm_reg_bus_op into a jelly_bean_transaction, whereas the bus2reg function converts a jelly_bean_transaction back to a uvm_reg_bus_op.
The
uvm_reg_adapteris auvm_object, not auvm_component.
Advanced Topic: Even though a
uvm_sequenceis auvm_sequence_item, you cannot let thereg2bus()function create auvm_sequenceand return it. This is because when a register is read/written, theuvm_reg_mapcallsuvm_sequence_base::start_item()passing the object returned by thereg2bus(), but thestart_item()does not expect auvm_sequence. This will cause a fatal error. For more details, please see Register Access Methods.
class jelly_bean_reg_adapter extends uvm_reg_adapter;
`uvm_object_utils( jelly_bean_reg_adapter )
function new( string name = "" );
super.new( name );
supports_byte_enable = 0;
provides_responses = 0;
endfunction: new
virtual function uvm_sequence_item reg2bus( const ref uvm_reg_bus_op rw );
jelly_bean_transaction jb_tx
= jelly_bean_transaction::type_id::create("jb_tx");
if ( rw.kind == UVM_READ ) jb_tx.command = jelly_bean_types::READ;
else if ( rw.kind == UVM_WRITE ) jb_tx.command = jelly_bean_types::WRITE;
else jb_tx.command = jelly_bean_types::NO_OP;
if ( rw.kind == UVM_WRITE )
{ jb_tx.sour, jb_tx.sugar_free, jb_tx.color, jb_tx.flavor } = rw.data;
return jb_tx;
endfunction: reg2bus
virtual function void bus2reg( uvm_sequence_item bus_item,
ref uvm_reg_bus_op rw );
jelly_bean_transaction jb_tx;
if ( ! $cast( jb_tx, bus_item ) ) begin
`uvm_fatal( get_name(),
"bus_item is not of the jelly_bean_transaction type." )
return;
end
rw.kind = ( jb_tx.command == jelly_bean_types::READ ) ? UVM_READ : UVM_WRITE;
if ( jb_tx.command == jelly_bean_types::READ )
rw.data = jb_tx.taste;
else if ( jb_tx.command == jelly_bean_types::WRITE )
rw.data = { jb_tx.sour, jb_tx.sugar_free, jb_tx.color, jb_tx.flavor };
rw.status = UVM_IS_OK;
endfunction: bus2reg
endclass: jelly_bean_reg_adapterRegister Predictor
The register predictor updates the values of the register model based on observed bus transactions. As the jelly-bean register predictor is not involved with any kind of extended features, the uvm_reg_predictor is used as is.
typedef uvm_reg_predictor#( jelly_bean_transaction ) jelly_bean_reg_predictor;Agent
The jelly_bean_agent instantiates the jelly_bean_reg_adapter (line 35).
class jelly_bean_agent extends uvm_agent;
`uvm_component_utils( jelly_bean_agent )
uvm_analysis_port#( jelly_bean_transaction ) jb_ap;
jelly_bean_agent_config jb_agent_cfg;
jelly_bean_sequencer jb_seqr;
jelly_bean_driver jb_drvr;
jelly_bean_monitor jb_mon;
jelly_bean_reg_adapter jb_reg_adapter;
function new( string name, uvm_component parent );
super.new( name, parent );
endfunction: new
function void build_phase( uvm_phase phase );
super.build_phase( phase );
if ( ! uvm_config_db#( jelly_bean_agent_config )::get( .cntxt( this ),
.inst_name ( "" ),
.field_name( "jb_agent_cfg" ),
.value( jb_agent_cfg ))) begin
`uvm_error( "jelly_bean_agent", "jb_agent_cfg not found" )
end
jb_ap = new( .name( "jb_ap" ), .parent( this ) );
if ( jb_agent_cfg.active == UVM_ACTIVE ) begin
jb_seqr = jelly_bean_sequencer::type_id::create( .name( "jb_seqr" ),
.parent( this ) );
jb_drvr = jelly_bean_driver::type_id::create( .name( "jb_drvr" ),
.parent( this ) );
end
jb_mon = jelly_bean_monitor::type_id::create( .name( "jb_mon" ),
.parent( this ) );
jb_reg_adapter = jelly_bean_reg_adapter::type_id::create( .name( "jb_reg_adapter" ) );
endfunction: build_phase
function void connect_phase( uvm_phase phase );
super.connect_phase( phase );
jb_mon.jb_if = jb_agent_cfg.jb_if;
if ( jb_agent_cfg.active == UVM_ACTIVE ) begin
jb_drvr.seq_item_port.connect( jb_seqr.seq_item_export );
jb_drvr.jb_if = jb_agent_cfg.jb_if;
end
jb_mon.jb_ap.connect( jb_ap );
endfunction: connect_phase
endclass: jelly_bean_agent
Environment Configuration
The jelly_bean_env_config has a handle to the jelly_bean_reg_block so that the jelly_bean_env can access the register model.
class jelly_bean_env_config extends uvm_object;
`uvm_object_utils( jelly_bean_env_config )
bit has_jb_agent = 1;
bit has_jb_sb = 1;
jelly_bean_agent_config jb_agent_cfg;
jelly_bean_reg_block jb_reg_block;
function new( string name = "" );
super.new( name );
endfunction: new
endclass: jelly_bean_env_config
Environment
The jelly_bean_env instantiates the jelly_bean_agent and the jelly_bean_reg_predictor (line 28 to 31), then connects register-related objects:
Firstly, in the connect_phase(), the set_sequencer() function associates the jelly-bean sequencer and the register adapter with the register map (line 45 and 46). The set_sequencer() must be called before starting the sequence based on a uvm_reg_sequence. A register block may have more than one register map.
Secondly, the register map and the register adapter are associated with the register predictor (line 49 and 50). The register predictor will use the register map and the register adapter to convert a jelly_bean_transaction back to a register operation.
Lastly, the register predictor is connected to the agent to subscribe the jelly_bean_transactions from the agent (line 51).
class jelly_bean_env extends uvm_env;
`uvm_component_utils( jelly_bean_env )
jelly_bean_env_config jb_env_cfg;
jelly_bean_agent jb_agent;
jelly_bean_fc_subscriber jb_fc_sub;
jelly_bean_scoreboard jb_sb;
jelly_bean_reg_predictor jb_reg_predictor;
function new( string name, uvm_component parent );
super.new( name, parent );
endfunction: new
function void build_phase( uvm_phase phase );
super.build_phase( phase );
if ( ! uvm_config_db#( jelly_bean_env_config )::get
( .cntxt( this ),
.inst_name( "" ),
.field_name( "jb_env_cfg" ),
.value( jb_env_cfg ) ) ) begin
`uvm_fatal( get_name(), "jb_env_cfg not found" )
end
uvm_config_db#( jelly_bean_agent_config )::set( .cntxt( this ),
.inst_name( "jb_agent*" ),
.field_name( "jb_agent_cfg" ),
.value( jb_env_cfg.jb_agent_cfg ) );
jb_agent = jelly_bean_agent::type_id::create( .name( "jb_agent" ),
.parent( this ) );
jb_reg_predictor = jelly_bean_reg_predictor::type_id::create( .name( "jb_reg_predictor" ),
.parent( this ) );
if ( jb_env_cfg.has_jb_sb ) begin
jb_sb = jelly_bean_scoreboard::type_id::create( .name( "jb_sb" ),
.parent( this ) );
end
jb_fc_sub = jelly_bean_fc_subscriber::type_id::create( .name( "jb_fc_sub" ),
.parent( this ) );
endfunction: build_phase
function void connect_phase( uvm_phase phase );
super.connect_phase( phase );
jb_agent.jb_ap.connect( jb_fc_sub.analysis_export );
jb_agent.jb_ap.connect( jb_sb.jb_analysis_export );
if ( jb_env_cfg.jb_reg_block.get_parent() == null ) begin // if the top-level env
jb_env_cfg.jb_reg_block.reg_map.set_sequencer( .sequencer( jb_agent.jb_seqr ),
.adapter( jb_agent.jb_reg_adapter ) );
end
jb_env_cfg.jb_reg_block.reg_map.set_auto_predict( .on( 0 ) );
jb_reg_predictor.map = jb_env_cfg.jb_reg_block.reg_map;
jb_reg_predictor.adapter = jb_agent.jb_reg_adapter;
jb_agent.jb_ap.connect( jb_reg_predictor.bus_in );
endfunction: connect_phase
endclass: jelly_bean_envBase Test
The base test instantiates a jelly_bean_reg_block (line 16 and 17) and stores its handle in the jelly_bean_env_config (line 19 and 20).
class jelly_bean_base_test extends uvm_test;
`uvm_component_utils( jelly_bean_base_test )
jelly_bean_env jb_env;
jelly_bean_env_config jb_env_cfg;
jelly_bean_agent_config jb_agent_cfg;
jelly_bean_reg_block jb_reg_block;
function new( string name, uvm_component parent );
super.new( name, parent );
endfunction: new
function void build_phase(uvm_phase phase);
super.build_phase(phase);
jb_reg_block = jelly_bean_reg_block::type_id::create( "jb_reg_block" );
jb_reg_block.build();
jb_env_cfg = jelly_bean_env_config::type_id::create( "jb_env_cfg" );
jb_env_cfg.jb_reg_block = jb_reg_block;
jb_agent_cfg = jelly_bean_agent_config::type_id::create( "jb_agent_cfg" );
if ( ! uvm_config_db#( virtual jelly_bean_if )::get( .cntxt( this ),
.inst_name( "" ),
.field_name( "jb_if" ),
.value( jb_agent_cfg.jb_if ))) begin
`uvm_error( "jelly_bean_test", "jb_if not found" )
end
jb_env_cfg.jb_agent_cfg = jb_agent_cfg;
uvm_config_db#(jelly_bean_env_config)::set( .cntxt( null ),
.inst_name( "*" ),
.field_name( "jb_env_cfg" ),
.value( jb_env_cfg ) );
jb_env = jelly_bean_env::type_id::create( .name( "jb_env" ),
.parent( this ) );
endfunction: build_phase
virtual function void start_of_simulation_phase( uvm_phase phase );
super.start_of_simulation_phase( phase );
uvm_top.print_topology();
endfunction: start_of_simulation_phase
endclass: jelly_bean_base_testSequence without Register Abstraction
We have created all the components by now and we are ready to create a register sequence. But before doing that, let’s create a “regular” sequence without using the register abstraction for comparison. The jelly_bean_sequence is a sequence to generate a sour-green-apple jelly bean. The body of the sequence creates a jelly_bean_transaction, which will be used by the driver to do pin wiggling.
class jelly_bean_sequence extends uvm_sequence#( jelly_bean_transaction );
`uvm_object_utils( jelly_bean_sequence )
function new( string name = "" );
super.new( name );
endfunction: new
task body();
jelly_bean_transaction jb_tx;
jb_tx = jelly_bean_transaction::type_id::create( .name( "jb_tx" ),
.contxt( get_full_name()));
start_item( jb_tx );
jb_tx.flavor = jelly_bean_types::APPLE;
jb_tx.color = jelly_bean_types::GREEN;
jb_tx.sugar_free = 0;
jb_tx.sour = 1;
finish_item(jb_tx);
endtask: body
endclass: jelly_bean_sequenceSequence Using Register Abstraction
The jelly_bean_reg_sequence is another sequence to generate a sour-green-apple jelly bean, but using the register abstraction. This sequence is extended from the uvm_reg_sequence class so that we can use the convenience functions such as write_reg() and read_reg(). The body of the sequence writes a recipe (line 23) to the RECIPE register, then reads back its taste from the TASTE register (line 24). Note that we do not create a jelly_bean_transaction in the sequence. The register adapter will convert the register operations into the corresponding jelly_bean_transactions.
class jelly_bean_reg_sequence extends uvm_reg_sequence;
`uvm_object_utils( jelly_bean_reg_sequence )
function new( string name = "" );
super.new( name );
endfunction: new
virtual task body();
jelly_bean_reg_block jb_reg_block;
jelly_bean_types::flavor_e flavor;
jelly_bean_types::color_e color;
bit sugar_free;
bit sour;
uvm_status_e status;
uvm_reg_data_t value;
$cast( jb_reg_block, model );
flavor = jelly_bean_types::APPLE;
color = jelly_bean_types::GREEN;
sugar_free = 0;
sour = 1;
write_reg( jb_reg_block.jb_recipe_reg, status, { sour, sugar_free, color, flavor } );
read_reg ( jb_reg_block.jb_taste_reg, status, value );
endtask: body
endclass: jelly_bean_reg_sequenceRegister Test
The jelly_bean_reg_test creates a jelly_bean_reg_sequence we have just created and starts the sequence (line 12 to 15).
class jelly_bean_reg_test extends jelly_bean_base_test;
`uvm_component_utils( jelly_bean_reg_test )
function new( string name, uvm_component parent );
super.new( name, parent );
endfunction: new
task main_phase( uvm_phase phase );
jelly_bean_reg_sequence jb_reg_seq;
phase.raise_objection( .obj( this ) );
jb_reg_seq = jelly_bean_reg_sequence::type_id::create( .name( "jb_reg_seq" ),
.contxt( get_full_name()));
jb_reg_seq.model = jb_reg_block;
jb_reg_seq.start( .sequencer( jb_env.jb_agent.jb_seqr ) );
#100ns;
phase.drop_objection( .obj( this ) );
endtask: main_phase
endclass: jelly_bean_reg_testSimulation
Let’s look at a simulation result. The simulation successfully generated a sour-green apple and read back its taste from the DUT.
UVM_INFO jb3.sv(727) @ 30: uvm_test_top.jb_env.jb_sb [jelly_bean_scoreboard] You have a good sense of taste.
---------------------------------------------------------
Name Type Size Value
---------------------------------------------------------
jb_tx jelly_bean_transaction - @7929
flavor jelly_bean_types::flavor_e 3 APPLE
color jelly_bean_types::color_e 2 GREEN
sugar_free integral 1 'h0
sour integral 1 'h1
command jelly_bean_types::command_e 2 WRITE
taste jelly_bean_types::taste_e 2 NO_TASTE
---------------------------------------------------------
UVM_INFO jb3.sv(727) @ 60: uvm_test_top.jb_env.jb_sb [jelly_bean_scoreboard] You have a good sense of taste.
----------------------------------------------------------
Name Type Size Value
----------------------------------------------------------
jb_tx jelly_bean_transaction - @7928
flavor jelly_bean_types::flavor_e 3 NO_FLAVOR
color jelly_bean_types::color_e 2 NO_COLOR
sugar_free integral 1 'h0
sour integral 1 'h0
command jelly_bean_types::command_e 2 READ
taste jelly_bean_types::taste_e 2 YUMMY
----------------------------------------------------------I hope this tutorial helped you to understand the UVM Register Abstraction.
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