Centos7.x启动postfix服务失败,提示 Job for postfix.service failed because the control process exited with

在CentOS 7系统上遇到postfix邮件服务启动失败的问题,错误提示涉及Job for postfix.service。通过修改文件中的配置解决外部IP访问和传输限制。当postfix仍无法启动,检查发现因缺少Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-shared-55的安装包导致libmysqlclient.so.18库无法加载。解决方法包括下载并安装对应版本的RPM包,对于MySQL5.7环境,需要安装mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm来解决libmysqlclient.so.20的缺失问题。

环境信息: CentOS7,MySQL5.7
问题: 在 CentOS 7 系统中,开启 postfix 邮件服务,执行命令

[root@hzuwei ~] systemctl start postfix

等待很长时间之后,提示服务启动失败!失败提示信息如下所示:

[root@hzuwei ~] Job for postfix.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status postfix.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

依据错误提示,执行journalctl -xe命令获得如下信息:
在这里插入图片描述
解决方案如下:

  • 修改 /etc/postfix/main.cf文件中的
    inet_interfaces = localhost
    inet_protocols = all
    
    修改为:
    inet_interfaces = all
    inet_protocols = all
    
    上述修改可以解决外部ip访问和传输协议的限制。修改后,依旧无法启动 postfix 服务时,执行下面的操作。
  • 执行postfix check检查,当输出如下信息时,
root@xzh-VirtualBox:~# sudo journalctl -u postfix -n 50 --no-pager # 查看最近50条日志 -- Logs begin at Thu 2025-02-27 22:13:42 CST, end at Mon 2025-06-02 19:23:23 CST. -- 6月 02 12:15:41 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: postfix.service: Unit cannot be reloaded because it is inactive. 6月 02 12:16:04 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: postfix.service: Unit cannot be reloaded because it is inactive. 6月 02 12:20:49 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Starting Postfix Mail Transport Agent... 6月 02 12:20:49 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[7571]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running 6月 02 12:20:50 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: postfix.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE 6月 02 12:20:50 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: postfix.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'. 6月 02 12:20:50 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Failed to start Postfix Mail Transport Agent. 6月 02 12:26:25 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Starting Postfix Mail Transport Agent... 6月 02 12:26:25 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[9080]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running 6月 02 12:26:26 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: postfix.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE 6月 02 12:26:26 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: postfix.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'. 6月 02 12:26:26 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Failed to start Postfix Mail Transport Agent. 6月 02 12:36:57 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Starting Postfix Mail Transport Agent... 6月 02 12:36:57 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[9380]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running 6月 02 12:36:58 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: postfix.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE 6月 02 12:36:58 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: postfix.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'. 6月 02 12:36:58 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Failed to start Postfix Mail Transport Agent. 6月 02 12:37:29 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Starting Postfix Mail Transport Agent... 6月 02 12:37:29 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[10055]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running 6月 02 12:37:30 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: postfix.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE 6月 02 12:37:30 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: postfix.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'. 6月 02 12:37:30 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Failed to start Postfix Mail Transport Agent. 6月 02 12:41:46 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Starting Postfix Mail Transport Agent... 6月 02 12:41:46 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[11557]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running 6月 02 12:41:47 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: postfix.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE 6月 02 12:41:47 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: postfix.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'. 6月 02 12:41:47 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Failed to start Postfix Mail Transport Agent. 6月 02 12:42:13 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Starting Postfix Mail Transport Agent... 6月 02 12:42:13 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[12242]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running 6月 02 12:42:14 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: postfix.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE 6月 02 12:42:14 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: postfix.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'. 6月 02 12:42:14 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Failed to start Postfix Mail Transport Agent. 6月 02 12:53:11 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: postfix.service: Unit cannot be reloaded because it is inactive. 6月 02 12:54:09 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Starting Postfix Mail Transport Agent... 6月 02 12:54:09 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[12307]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running 6月 02 12:54:10 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: postfix.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE 6月 02 12:54:10 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: postfix.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'. 6月 02 12:54:10 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Failed to start Postfix Mail Transport Agent. 6月 02 12:54:23 xzh-VirtualBox systemd[1]: postfix.service: Unit cannot be reloaded because it is inactive. 6月 02 13:03:15 xzh-VirtualBox.xiangzouhao.asia systemd[1]: postfix.service: Unit cannot be reloaded because it is inactive. 6月 02 13:07:53 xzh-VirtualBox.xiangzouhao.asia systemd[1]: Starting Postfix Mail Transport Agent... 6月 02 13:07:53 xzh-VirtualBox.xiangzouhao.asia postfix/postfix-script[13410]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running 6月 02 13:07:54 xzh-VirtualBox.xiangzouhao.asia systemd[1]: postfix.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE 6月 02 13:07:54 xzh-VirtualBox.xiangzouhao.asia systemd[1]: postfix.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'. 6月 02 13:07:54 xzh-VirtualBox.xiangzouhao.asia systemd[1]: Failed to start Postfix Mail Transport Agent. 6月 02 13:13:38 xzh-VirtualBox.xiangzouhao.asia systemd[1]: Starting Postfix Mail Transport Agent... 6月 02 13:13:38 xzh-VirtualBox.xiangzouhao.asia postfix/postfix-script[14137]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running 6月 02 13:13:39 xzh-VirtualBox.xiangzouhao.asia systemd[1]: postfix.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE 6月 02 13:13:39 xzh-VirtualBox.xiangzouhao.asia systemd[1]: postfix.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'. 6月 02 13:13:39 xzh-VirtualBox.xiangzouhao.asia systemd[1]: Failed to start Postfix Mail Transport Agent. root@xzh-VirtualBox:~# grep -E 'fatal|panic' /var/log/mail.log May 27 23:04:37 xzh-VirtualBox postmulti[4415]: fatal: bad string length 0 < 1: mydomain = May 27 23:04:39 xzh-VirtualBox postmulti[4792]: fatal: bad string length 0 < 1: mydomain = May 29 12:39:04 xzh-VirtualBox postmulti[1393]: fatal: bad string length 0 < 1: mydomain = May 29 19:49:00 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[10419]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running May 29 19:50:45 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[11091]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running May 29 19:52:44 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[11794]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running May 29 19:56:08 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[12475]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running May 29 20:00:24 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[13667]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running Jun 2 11:23:41 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[1781]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running Jun 2 12:03:37 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[6009]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running Jun 2 12:11:33 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[6812]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running Jun 2 12:15:02 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[7503]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running Jun 2 12:16:01 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postmap[7526]: fatal: open /etc/postfix/virtual: No such file or directory Jun 2 12:20:49 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[7571]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running Jun 2 12:26:23 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[8419]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is not running Jun 2 12:26:25 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[9080]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running Jun 2 12:36:57 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[9380]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running Jun 2 12:37:29 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[10055]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running Jun 2 12:41:46 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[11557]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running Jun 2 12:42:08 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[11578]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is not running Jun 2 12:42:13 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[12242]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running Jun 2 12:54:09 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[12307]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running Jun 2 13:07:53 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[13410]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running Jun 2 13:13:38 xzh-VirtualBox postfix/postfix-script[14137]: fatal: the Postfix mail system is already running root@xzh-VirtualBox:~#
最新发布
06-03
### CentOS 7 中 Apache `httpd.service` 启动失败的原因及解决方案 #### 错误分析 当遇到错误信息 `AH00526: Syntax error on line 54 of /www/server/apache/conf/httpd.conf: Cannot define m`[^1],这表明在配置文件 `/www/server/apache/conf/httpd.conf` 的第 54 行存在语法错误。这类问题通常由以下几个方面引起: - 配置文件中的指令拼写错误。 - 模块加载顺序不当或重复定义模块。 - 文件路径指定有误。 #### 解决方法 为了排查并修复此问题,可以按照以下建议操作: ##### 检查配置文件语法 使用命令行工具验证配置文件是否有语法错误: ```bash apachectl configtest ``` 如果返回结果不是 "Syntax OK",则需要根据提示修正相应位置的错误。 ##### 审视特定行的内容 打开 `/www/server/apache/conf/httpd.conf` 并定位到第 54 行,仔细检查该处是否存在明显的书写失误或其他异常情况。常见的错误可能包括但不限于多余的字符、缺少分号等终止符或是不匹配的大括号[]。 ##### 排除防火墙干扰 考虑到网络服务可能会受到安全策略的影响,在某些情况下关闭不必要的防护机制有助于排除潜在障碍。对于 CentOS 7 用户来说,可以通过停止和禁用默认启用的安全组件来尝试解决问题: ```bash systemctl stop firewalld.service systemctl disable firewalld.service ``` 同时确认 SELinux 是否处于宽容模式或者被完全禁用了,因为过于严格的权限控制也可能阻止 HTTPD 正常工作[^2]。 ##### 日志审查 查看日志记录往往能提供更详细的线索帮助诊断故障根源。主要关注两个地方的日志输出: - **/var/log/httpd/error_log** - **/var/log/messages** 通过这些日志条目能够进一步缩小查找范围直至找到确切的问题所在。 ---
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