c++里的指针

#include "stdafx.h"

#include<windows.h>

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

void swap1(int iNum1, int iNum2);

void swap2(int& iNum1, int& iNum2);

void swap3(int* pNum1, int* pNum2);

void swap4(int* pNum1, int* pNum2);

void getMemory(char* pStr);

void getMemory(char* *pStr);

int main()

{

        //指针：存储变量的内存地址

        //定义: 数据类型*+p指针名字

        //指针在定义的时候必须指向一个地址,可以是空地址（bullptr ）或者可用的地址

        int iNum1=3;

        int iNum2 = 6;

        //int* pNum=nullptr;//bullptr 空的地址：0x00000

        //int* pNum2 = &iNum;//之一个引用分开。数据类型&   &：取地址

         &：取地址

         *: 取值符号，

        //iNum = 6;

        //*pNum2 = 3;

        //cout << pNum2 << endl;

        //cout << *pNum2 << endl;

        //swap3(&iNum1, &iNum2);

        //cout << iNum1 << endl;

        //cout << iNum2 << endl;//只交换地址，但是数值并未改变

        //swap4(&iNum1, &iNum2);

        //cout << iNum1 << endl;

        //cout << iNum2 << endl;//只交换数值，但是地址并未改变

        //申请地址  new 出来的地址并不会被销毁，必须主动去释放

        //int* pNum = new int;//

        释放内存： delete    在不使用的时候必须去释放，否则容易造成内存泄漏

        //if (nullptr != pNum)

        //{

        //      delete pNum;

        //      pNum = nullptr;

        //}

        //

        //int* pNum = new int;

        //char* pStr = new char;

        //char* pStr2 = "Hellow World!";

        //cout << sizeof(pNum) << endl;

        //cout << sizeof(pStr) << endl;

        //cout << sizeof(pStr2) << endl;//   4，4，4   指针的大小全是4

        char iNum3 = 0;

        //char* pStr = &iNum3;

        char* pStr = nullptr;

        getMemory(&pStr);

        strcpy_s(pStr, sizeof("Hellow World!") + 1, "Hellow World!");

        cout << pStr << endl;

        

        if (nullptr != pStr)

        {

               delete pStr;

               pStr = nullptr;

        }

        //cout << *pStr << endl;

        system("pause");

    return 0;

}

void swap1(int iNum1, int iNum2)

{

}

void swap2(int & iNum1, int & iNum2)

{

        

}

void swap3(int * pNum1, int * pNum2)

{

        int* pTemp = pNum1;

        pNum1 = pNum2;

        pNum2 = pTemp;

}

void swap4(int * pNum1, int * pNum2)

{

        int pTemp = *pNum1;

        *pNum1 = *pNum2;

        *pNum2 = pTemp;

}

void getMemory(char * pStr)

{

        pStr = new char[100];

}

void getMemory(char ** pStr)

{

        *pStr = new char[100];

}