依赖注入（DI)

概念

• 依赖注入（Dependency Injection,DI）。

• 依赖 : 指Bean对象的创建依赖于容器 . Bean对象的依赖资源 .

• 注入 : 指Bean对象所依赖的资源 , 由容器来设置和装配 .

构造器注入

有参构造和无参构造注入，此处省略。

Set 注入 （重点）

要求被注入的属性 , 必须有set方法 , set方法的方法名由set + 属性首字母大写 , 如果属性是boolean类型 , 没有set方法 , 是 is .
测试pojo类 :
Address.java

package com.kuang.pojo;
public class Address {
    private String address;
    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }
    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Address{" +
                "address='" + address + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

Student.java

package com.kuang.pojo;
import java.util.*;
public class Student {
    private String name;
    private Address address;
    private String[] books;
    private List<String> hobbys;
    private Map<String,String> card;
    private Set<String> games;
    private String wife;
    private Properties info;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }
    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
    public String[] getBooks() {
        return books;
    }
    public void setBooks(String[] books) {
        this.books = books;
    }
    public List<String> getHobbys() {
        return hobbys;
    }

    public void setHobbys(List<String> hobbys) {
        this.hobbys = hobbys;
    }
    public Map<String, String> getCard() {
        return card;
    }
    public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
        this.card = card;
    }
    public Set<String> getGames() {
        return games;
    }
    public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
        this.games = games;
    }
    public String getWife() {
        return wife;
    }
    public void setWife(String wife) {
        this.wife = wife;
    }
    public Properties getInfo() {
        return info;
    }
    public void setInfo(Properties info) {
        this.info = info;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", address=" + address +
                ", books=" + Arrays.toString(books) +
                ", hobbys=" + hobbys +
                ", card=" + card +
                ", games=" + games +
                ", wife='" + wife + '\'' +
                ", info=" + info +
                '}';
    }
}

1、常量注入

 <bean id="student" class="com.kuang.pojo.Student">
       <!--普通值注入-->
       <property name="name" value="小卞"/>
       <!--beans注入-->
       </bean>

测试

public class Mytest05 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        Student student= (Student) context.getBean("student");
        System.out.println(student.toString());
    }
}

2、Bean注入
注意点：这里的值是一个引用，ref

<bean id="address" class="com.kuang.pojo.Address">
        <property name="address" value="安徽"/>
    </bean>
 <bean id="student" class="com.kuang.pojo.Student">
       <!--beans注入-->
       <property name="address" ref="address"/>

3.数组注入

<!--数组注入-->
      <property name="books">
          <array>
              <value>红楼梦</value>
              <value>西游记</value>
              <value>三国演义</value>
          </array>
      </property>

4. List注入

<!--List-->
       <property name="hobbys">
           <list>
               <value>听歌</value>
               <value>跳舞</value>
               <value>敲代码</value>
           </list>
       </property>

5. Map注入

 <!--Map-->
       <property name="card">
           <map>
               <entry key="身份证" value="34122111223456"/>
               <entry key="银行卡" value="123123123123123"/>
           </map>
       </property>

6. set注入

<!-- set注入-->
       <property name="games">
           <set>
               <value>LOL</value>
               <value>BOB</value>
               <value>COC</value>
           </set>
       </property>

7.Null注入

<property name="wife"><null/></property>

8.Properties注入

 <!--Properties-->
       <property name="info">
           <props>
               <prop key="学号">E19301137</prop>
               <prop key="性别">女</prop>
           </props>
       </property>

p命名和c命名注入

User.java ：【注意：这里没有有参构造器！】

public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

1、P命名空间注入 : 需要在头文件中加入约束文件
导入约束 : xmlns:p=“http://www.springframework.org/schema/p”

 <!--P(属性: properties)命名空间 , 属性依然要设置set方法-->
<bean id="user" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" p:name="小明" p:age="18"/>

2、c 命名空间注入 : 需要在头文件中加入约束文件

 导入约束 : xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
<!--C(构造: Constructor)命名空间 , 属性依然要设置set方法-->
<bean id="user" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" c:name="狂神" c:age="18"/>

发现问题：爆红了，刚才我们没有写有参构造！

解决：把有参构造器加上，这里也能知道，c 就是所谓的构造器注入