Android Fragment

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-10 11:19:34 发布

jesus_H

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-10 11:19:34 发布

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分类专栏： java android

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41667282/article/details/104139395

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Fragment

Fragment是一种可以嵌入在活动中的UI片段，可以更灵活的进行开发。

使用

STEP 1：
创建一个类继承Fragment，然后重写onCreatedView方法

public class NewsContentFragment extends Fragment {

    public View view;

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.news_content_frag, container, false);
        return view;
    }
}

inflater.inflate()第一个参数是Fragment的布局文件。
STEP 2：
在活动布局文件中添加<fragment>标签

<fragment
        android:id="@+id/news_title_fragment"
        android:name="com.hwy.fragmenttest.NewsTitleFragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"/>

name是对应的继承Fragment的类。

进阶使用——动态添加

在活动中实现并调用下面这个方法

private void replaceFragment(Fragment fragment) {
	FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
	FragmentTransaction transaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
	transaction.replace(R.id.right_layout, fragment);
	transaction.commit();
}

replace()第一个参数是容器的id，第二个参数是待添加的实例。
要想返回到原来的碎片只要在上面这个代码中添加一行
transaction.addToBackStack(null);

碎片和活动之间的通信

活动中获取碎片
NewsContentFragment newsContentFragment = (NewsContentFragment)getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.news_content_fragment);
碎片中获取活动
MainActivity activity = (MainActivity)getActivity();

碎片生命周期

最开始比活动多了三个：onAttach(), onCreateView(), onActivityCreated()
结束多了两个：onDestroyView(), onDetach()
在这里插入图片描述

一个简易的新闻应用

来源《第一行代码》
分成两个碎片NewsContentFragment和NewsTitleFragment
NewsContentFragment.java

public class NewsContentFragment extends Fragment {

    public View view;

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.news_content_frag, container, false);
        return view;
    }

    public void refresh(String newsTitle, String newsContent) {
        View visibilityLayout = view.findViewById(R.id.visibility_layout);
        visibilityLayout.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        TextView newsTitleText = view.findViewById(R.id.news_title);
        TextView newsContentText = view.findViewById(R.id.news_content);
        newsTitleText.setText(newsTitle);
        newsContentText.setText(newsContent);
    }
}

NewsTitleFragment.java

public class NewsTitleFragment extends Fragment {

    private boolean isTwoPane;

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.news_title_frag, container, false);
        RecyclerView newsTitleRecyclerView = view.findViewById(R.id.news_title_recycler_view);
        LinearLayoutManager linearLayoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(getActivity());
        NewsAdapter newsAdapter = new NewsAdapter(getNews());
        newsTitleRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(linearLayoutManager);
        newsTitleRecyclerView.setAdapter(newsAdapter);
        return view;
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityCreated(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
        if (getActivity().findViewById(R.id.news_content_layout) != null) {
            isTwoPane = true;
        } else {
            isTwoPane = false;
        }
    }

    class NewsAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<NewsAdapter.ViewHolder> {
        private List<News> mNewsList;

        public NewsAdapter(List<News> mNewsList) {
            this.mNewsList = mNewsList;
        }

        @NonNull
        @Override
        public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
            View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.news_item, parent, false);
            final ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder(view);
            view.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {
                    News news = mNewsList.get(holder.getAdapterPosition());
                    if (isTwoPane) {
                        NewsContentFragment newsContentFragment = (NewsContentFragment)getFragmentManager()
                                .findFragmentById(R.id.news_content_fragment);
                        newsContentFragment.refresh(news.getTitle(), news.getContent());
                    } else {
                        NewsContentActivity.actionStart(getActivity(), news.getTitle(), news.getContent());
                    }
                }
            });
            return holder;
        }

        @Override
        public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull ViewHolder holder, int position) {
            News news = mNewsList.get(position);
            holder.newsTitleText.setText(news.getTitle());
        }

        @Override
        public int getItemCount() {
            return mNewsList.size();
        }

        class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
            TextView newsTitleText;

            public ViewHolder(@NonNull View itemView) {
                super(itemView);
                this.newsTitleText = itemView.findViewById(R.id.news_title);
            }
        }
    }

    private List<News> getNews() {
        List<News> newsList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 1; i <= 50; i++) {
            News news = new News();
            news.setTitle("This is title" + i);
            news.setContent("This is new content" + i);
            newsList.add(news);
        }
        return newsList;
    }
}

实现了一个内部类的RecyclerViewAdapter，在onCreateView的时候将RecyclerView添加进去。
然后有个MainActivity.java来启动这个程序，里面的代码没有修改。
下面是各种布局XML：
activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/news_title_layout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">
    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/news_title_fragment"
        android:name="com.hwy.fragmenttest.NewsTitleFragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
</FrameLayout>

news_content.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".NewsContentActivity">

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/news_content_fragment"
        android:name="com.hwy.fragmenttest.NewsContentFragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
</LinearLayout>

news_content_frag.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/visibility_layout"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:visibility="invisible">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/news_title"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:padding="10dp"
            android:textSize="20sp"/>

        <View
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="10dp"
            android:background="#000"/>

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/news_content"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="0dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:padding="15dp"
            android:textSize="18sp"/>

    </LinearLayout>

</RelativeLayout>

news_item.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TextView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/news_title"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:maxLines="1"
    android:ellipsize="end"
    android:textSize="18sp"
    android:paddingLeft="10dp"
    android:paddingRight="10dp"
    android:paddingTop="15dp"
    android:paddingBottom="15dp">
</TextView>

news_title_frag.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/news_title_recycler_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
</LinearLayout>