mysql修改和查看字符集（数据库全局、schema、表、列）

一、查看字符集

1.查看MYSQL数据库服务器和数据库字符集

方法一：show variables like ‘%character%’;
方法二：show variables like ‘collation%’;

复制代码
mysql> show variables like ‘%character%’;
±-------------------------±-------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
±-------------------------±-------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql5535/share/charsets/ |
±-------------------------±-------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码
方法二：

2.查看MYSQL所支持的字符集

show charset;

复制代码
mysql> show charset;
±---------±----------------------------±--------------------±-------+
| Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen |
±---------±----------------------------±--------------------±-------+
| big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 |
| dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 |
| cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 |
| hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 |
| koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 |
| latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 |
| latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 |
| swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 |
| ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 |
| ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 |
| sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 |
| hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 |
| tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 |
| euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 |
| koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 |
| gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 |
| greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 |
| gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 |
| latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 |
| ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 |
| cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 |
| keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 |
| macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 |
| macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 |
| cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 |
| latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 |
| cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 |
| utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode | utf16_general_ci | 4 |
| cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 |
| utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode | utf32_general_ci | 4 |
| binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 |
| geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 |
| cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 |
| eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 |
±---------±----------------------------±--------------------±-------+
39 rows in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码

3.查看库的字符集

语法：show database status from 库名 like 表名;

mysql> show create database shiyan\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Database: shiyan
Create Database: CREATE DATABASE shiyan /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4.查看表的字符集

语法：show table status from 库名 like 表名;

mysql> show table status from class_7 like ‘test_info’;

复制代码
mysql> show table status from class_7 like ‘test_info’;
±----------±-------±--------±-----------±-----±---------------±------------------------±------------±-----------±----------------±---------±
| Name | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Avg_row_length | Data_leate_time | Update_time | Check_time | Collation | Checksum |
±----------±-------±--------±-----------±-----±---------------±------------------------±------------±-----------±----------------±---------±
| test_info | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 10 | 1638 | 17-12-05 19:01:55 | NULL | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL |
±----------±-------±--------±-----------±-----±---------------±------------------------±------------±-----------±----------------±---------±
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码

5.查看表中所有列的字符集

语法：show full columns from 表名;

mysql> show full columns from test_info;

复制代码
mysql> show full columns from test_info;
±------±---------±----------------±-----±----±--------±------±--------------------------------±--------+
| Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment |
±------±---------±----------------±-----±----±--------±------±--------------------------------±--------+
| id | int(3) | NULL | NO | PRI | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
| name | char(12) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
| dorm | char(10) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
| addr | char(12) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | 未知 | | select,insert,update,references | |
| score | int(3) | NULL | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
±------±---------±----------------±-----±----±--------±------±--------------------------------±--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码

二、设置字符集

设置字符集一般有两种方法，一种是在创建表的时候设置字符集，另一种是表建成之后修改字符集。

1.创建时指定字符集

创建库的时候指定字符集：

语法：create database 库名 default character set=字符集；

create database db2 default character set=utf8

创建表的时候指定字符集：

语法：create table 表名（属性）default character set = 字符集；

mysql> create table test1(id int(6),name char(10)) default character set = ‘gbk’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.39 sec)

2.修改字符集

修改全局字符集

复制代码
/建立连接使用的编码/
set character_set_connection=utf8;
/数据库的编码/
set character_set_database=utf8;
/结果集的编码/
set character_set_results=utf8;
/数据库服务器的编码/
set character_set_server=utf8;

set character_set_system=utf8;

set collation_connection=utf8;

set collation_database=utf8;

set collation_server=utf8;
复制代码

修改库的字符集

语法：alter database 库名 default character set 字符集;

alter database shiyan default character set gbk;

复制代码
mysql> show create database shiyan\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Database: shiyan
Create Database: CREATE DATABASE shiyan /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter database shiyan default character set gbk;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show create database shiyan\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Database: shiyan
Create Database: CREATE DATABASE shiyan /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码

修改表的字符集

语法：alter table 表名 convert to character set 字符集;

alter table test1 convert to character set utf8;

复制代码
mysql> show create table test1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: test1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE test1 (
id int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
name char(10) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=gbk #原字符集
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter table test1 convert to character set utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.58 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> show create table test1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: test1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE test1 (
id int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
name char(10) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 #修改后的字符集
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
复制代码

修改字段的字符集

语法：alter table 表名 modify 字段名 字段属性 character set gbk；

alter table test1 modify name char(10) character set gbk;

复制代码
mysql> show full columns from test1;
±------±---------±----------------±-----±----±--------±------±--------------------------------±--------+
| Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment |
±------±---------±----------------±-----±----±--------±------±--------------------------------±--------+
| id | int(6) | NULL | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
| name | char(10) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
±------±---------±----------------±-----±----±--------±------±--------------------------------±--------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> alter table test1 modify name char(10) character set gbk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.58 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> show full columns from test1;
±------±---------±---------------±-----±----±--------±------±--------------------------------±--------+
| Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment |
±------±---------±---------------±-----±----±--------±------±--------------------------------±--------+
| id | int(6) | NULL | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
| name | char(10) | gbk_chinese_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |
±------±---------±---------------±-----±----±--------±------±--------------------------------±--------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
复制代码
https://www.cnblogs.com/yangmingxianshen/p/7999428.html