异常处理的思想与程序实现
异常处理的基本思想
异常处理的语法
例12-1处理除零异常
//12_1.cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int divide(int x, int y) {
if (y == 0)
throw x;
return x / y;
}
int main() {
try {
cout << "5 / 2 = " << divide(5, 2) << endl;
cout << "8 / 0 = " << divide(8, 0) << endl;
cout << "7 / 1 = " << divide(7, 1) << endl;
} catch (int e) {
cout << e << " is divided by zero!" << endl;
}
cout << "That is ok." << endl;
return 0;
}
异常接口声明
- 一个函数显式声明可能抛出的异常,有利于函数的调用者为异常处理做好准备
可以在函数的声明中列出这个函数可能抛掷的所有异常类型。
例如:void fun() throw(A,B,C,D);
若无异常接口声明,则此函数可以抛掷任何类型的异常。
不抛掷任何类型异常的函数声明如下:
void fun() throw();
异常处理中的构造与析构
自动的析构
- 找到一个匹配的catch异常处理后
- 初始化异常参数。
- 将从对应的try块开始到异常被抛掷处之间构造(且尚未析构)的所有自动对象进行析构。
- 从最后一个catch处理之后开始恢复执行。
例12-2 带析构语义的类的C++异常处理
//12_2.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class MyException {
public:
MyException(const string &message) : message(message) {}
~MyException() {}
const string &getMessage() const { return message; }
private:
string message;
};
class Demo {
public:
Demo() { cout << "Constructor of Demo" << endl; }
~Demo() { cout << "Destructor of Demo" << endl; }
};
void func() throw (MyException) {
Demo d;
cout << "Throw MyException in func()" << endl;
throw MyException("exception thrown by func()");
}
int main() {
cout << "In main function" << endl;
try {
func();
} catch (MyException& e) {
cout << "Caught an exception: " << e.getMessage() << endl;
}
cout << "Resume the execution of main()" << endl;
return 0;
}
运行结果:
In main function
Constructor of Demo
Throw MyException in func()
Destructor of Demo
Caught an exception: exception thrown by func()
Resume the execution of main()