如何为Web3.0世界启动完美的DAO

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像许多Web3.0技术一样，去中心化自治组织有可能颠覆和改变企业、组织和非营利组织传统的运作方式。在去年，去中心化自治组织（DAO）已经成为了头条新闻，引起了投资者、运营商和科学家的关注。 

但是，是什么让DAO如此特别？在本指南中，我们将引导你了解创建DAO的步骤、需要考虑的重要决定，以及成功运营的最佳案例。

首先，我们需要聊一聊DAO到底是什么。

Like many Web3 technologies, decentralized autonomous organizations have the potential to disrupt and transform the way that corporations, organizations, and nonprofits traditionally operate. But in the last year, decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) have made national headlines, garnering attention from investors, operators, and scientists alike. 

But what makes DAOs so special? In this guide, we’ll walk you through the steps for DAO creation, important decisions to consider, and best practices for successful operation. However, first we need to talk about what a DAO really is.

为Web3.0的未来解读DAO

“DAO（去中心化自治组织）是一种通过使用智能合约在区块链上运行的组织。智能合约规定了管理DAO与执行决策的规则。与传统的企业和组织不同，传统的企业和组织的决策是由集中的主要股东管理的，而DAO是由代币持有人的社区运作的。DAO中的所有治理代币持有者都能够投票，并在关键决策中拥有发言权。”

迄今为止，DAO已经围绕广泛的用例形成，包括为项目融资、管理赠款（Aave Protocol）、建立社区（Friends With Benefits）、收购文化收藏品（ConstitutionDAO）、私人投资（Krause House）、媒体和内容创作（Bankless）等等。

Unpacking DAOs for a Web3 future

“A DAO (a decentralized autonomous organization) is a type of organization that is run on the blockchain through the use of smart contracts. The smart contracts lay out the rules that govern the DAO and are used to execute decisions. Unlike traditional businesses and organizations, where decisions are governed by centralized primary shareholders, DAOs are operated by a community of token holders. All governance token holders in a DAO are able to vote and have a say in key decisions.”

To date, DAOs have formed around a wide range of use cases, including financing projects, administering grants (Aave Protocol), building communities (Friends With Benefits), acquiring cultural collectibles (ConstitutionDAO), private investing (Krause House), media and content creation (Bankless), and more.

DAO的优点和缺点

理论上讲，DAO应该是一种更加道德和透明的组织运作方式。它不仅消除了对集中化、等级化决策的需要，而且还成功地调整了所有利益相关者的激励机制。这使组织的用户和贡献者升级为真正的投资者和所有者。通过选择社区所有权，DAO允许那些在组织中表现积极的人对有关其未来的关键决策拥有发言权。

但是，虽然成功的DAO确实创造了一个循环生态系统，该系统在没有一个人拥有最终决定权的情况下运作，但重要的是要注意所有DAO仍然包含权力的排序。那些贡献最大的人也拥有最多的治理代币，因此拥有最高的投票权。

DAO是一种新事物，这就是为什么许多DAO仍在努力清除操作上的路障。协作决策需要时间、需要社区的充分支持，有了这些支持DAO才能顺利运行。达成共识是具有挑战性的，如果在DAO形成的早期阶段有太多的人同时参与，那么只是把一个提案提交到投票阶段也可能很困难。第一个由DAO主导的时尚品牌Alterrage的创始人Lauren Kacher表示，这种困难随之而来的是运营风险。

“从一开始就确定你愿意承担多少风险是很重要的”Kacher在接受NFT采访时说。“DAO带来了巨大的增长机会，但如果没有适当的基础，就会有失去控制的风险。”

The pros and cons of DAOs

In theory, DAOs should act as a more ethical and transparent way to operate organizations. Not only do they eliminate the need for centralized, hierarchical decision-making, but they also successfully align incentives among all stakeholders. This upgrades users and contributors of the organization into genuine investors and owners. By opting for community ownership, DAOs allow those who are actively working in the organization to have a say in critical decisions regarding its future.

But, while successful DAOs do create a circular ecosystem that operates without a single individual having the final say, it’s important to note that all DAOs still contain orders of power. Those who contribute the most also hold the most governance tokens, and therefore the highest voting power.

DAOs are novel, which is why many are still working through operational roadblocks. Collaborative decision-making takes time, and requires full community buy-in for a DAO to run smoothly. Reaching a consensus can be challenging, and the act of even getting a proposal to the voting stage can be difficult if too many parties are involved at once in the early stages of a DAO’s formation. With this difficulty comes operational risk, according to Lauren Kacher, founder of Alterrage, the first DAO-led fashion label.

“It’s important to determine the amount of risk you are willing to take on from the start,”said Kacher, in an interview with nft now. “DAOs bring great opportunity for growth, but at the risk of losing control without proper fundamentals.”

何时启用DAO

在形成或过渡到DAO结构之前，必须关注两个核心领域：目的和效用。需要注意的是，DAO既不一定实用，也不一定适用于所有用例，许多方面仍需要改进。

因此，在启用前先问问自己：“实现这个目标是否需要用到DAO？”如果答案是肯定的，那么继续下一个问题。 “我们的组织将如何从能够在区块链上进行无信任的协调，并通过复杂的代币经济学系统调整激励机制中受益？”

只有在想清楚这两个问题之后，你才应该考虑以下的发展领域。 

When to start a DAO

Before forming or transitioning to a DAO structure, one must focus on two core areas: purpose and utility. It’s important to note that DAOs are neither practical nor favorable for all use cases, and many areas still need improvement.

To do so, ask yourself, “Is a DAO needed to achieve this goal?” If the answer is yes, then proceed to the next question. “How would our organization benefit from being able to coordinate trustlessly on the blockchain and align incentives through a complex tokenomics system?”

Only then, once you have answered both questions, should you consider the following areas of development. 

如何启动DAO

幸运的是，启动DAO比一年前更容易。随着Web3.0和区块链技术接受度的提高，现在市场上提供了一些DAO创建工具和平台，涵盖了从Aragon这样的一体化工具包到资金创建和治理的特定工具。虽然进入的门槛更低了，但仍有许多重要的决定需要去考虑。

社区和创始团队

每个成功的DAO的核心都在于强大的社区。而每个强大社区的核心在于核心的DAO形成团队。在建立这个团队时，花时间寻找合适的合作伙伴是至关重要的。这个团队不仅仅应该对你想要解决的任务充满热情，他们还应该致力于贯彻长期愿景，以发挥其最大潜力。最好是选择观点相似，但技能不同且互补的成员。

治理

没有社区治理，很难有一个真正的DAO。这就是为什么找到正确的机制供成员连接他们的钱包、提议、审查和投票决定财政和协议是如此重要的原因。

资金库

或许，你的DAO最关键的决定是把你的金库放在哪里。虽然DAO资金库就像任何标准的银行账户，但这些资金可能是你的DAO持有的任何目的的命脉，应该得到最高的安全保障。为了限制坏人的风险，确保不是某个人控制DAO的资金，大多数DAO选择创建一个多重签名（multi-sig）钱包。多重签名钱包需要多人在执行区块链交易前签名。为此，Gnosis Safe和SafeSnap，一种一致治理工具箱，已经成为行业标准。Gnosis还允许在同一个钱包内存储多个代币。例如，Gnosis可以同时持有ETH和DAO的原生治理或社会代币。DAO资金管理工具的其他案例还有Parcel和Llama。

How to start a DAO

Luckily, starting a DAO is easier than it was even a year ago. With the rise in acceptance of Web3 and blockchain technologies, the market now offers a handful of DAO creation tools and platforms, covering everything from all-in-one toolkits like Aragon to specific tools around treasury creation and governance. But while the barrier to entry is more manageable, there are still many vital decisions to consider.

Community and founding team

At the heart of every successful DAO lies a strong community. And at the heart of every strong community lies a core DAO formation team. When building this team, it’s essential to take the time to find the right partners. This group should go beyond being passionate about the mission you want to solve. They should also be dedicated to following through to the long-term horizon to bring about its greatest potential. It’s best to select members with similar perspectives, but different and complementary skill sets.

Governance

It’s hard to have a true DAO without community governance. That’s why it’s so important to find the right mechanism for members to connect their wallets, propose, review, and vote on treasury and protocol decisions is so important.

Treasury

Perhaps the most crucial decision of your DAO is where to house your treasury. While a DAO treasury acts like any standard bank account, these funds will likely be the lifeblood of whatever purpose your DAO holds and should be safeguarded with the highest security. To limit the risk of bad actors and ensure that no one person has control over the DAO’s funds, most DAOs elect to create a multi-signature (multi-sig) wallet. Multi-signature wallets require multiple people to sign blockchain transactions before they are executed. For this, Gnosis Safe and SafeSnap, the process’ coinciding toolkit of governance tools, have become the industry standard. Gnosis also allows the storage of multiple tokens within the same wallet. For example, Gnosis can hold a mixture of both ETH and a DAO’s native governance or social token. Other examples of DAO Treasury management tools include Parcel and Llama.

DAO的注意事项

Krause House的联合创始人Commodore说，如果没有一个强大的社区，DAO将永远无法起步。Krause House是一个目标拥有并运营一支NBA球队的DAO。

“让一群人聚在一起并以DAO的精神行事，是一个令人难以置信的强大信号，这表明建立一个DAO是值得的，”Commodore说。“我总是建议找100个人聊一聊，看看这个想法是否有动力。如果有，那就作为一个集体探索如何成为一个DAO。”

Fire Eyes DAO的创始人Cooper Turley也表达了类似的看法，他认为，如果没有产品与市场契合，你的DAO将不会是长久的。找到一个差异化的利基市场，让会员每天都能回来是至关重要的。

Do’s and don’ts for your DAO

Without a strong community, a DAO will never be able to get off the ground, said Commodore, co-creator of the Krause House, to nft now. Krause House is a DAO with the goal of owning and operating an NBA team.

“Getting a group of people together and acting with a DAO ethos is an incredibly powerful signal that building a DAO is worth the time,” Commodore told us. “I always recommend finding 100 people to see if there’s momentum in the idea. If there is, then explore as a collective how to become a DAO.”

Cooper Turley, founder of Fire Eyes DAO, echoed a similar sentiment, arguing that without product market fit, your DAO will be short-lived. It’s crucial to find a differentiated niche that will want to make members come back every day.

倾听社区的声音

确保你的社区在任何时候都感到被倾听和理解。这种必要性远远超出了治理和投票提案，并且应该包括面对面的反馈。

投资正确的工具

由于大多数DAO是全球社区，创始人应投资于可扩展、可访问和可管理的通信平台，以支持各种语言和内容媒介。

Listen to the Community

Make sure your community feels heard and understood at all times. This necessity stretches far beyond governance and voting proposals and should include in-person feedback.

Invest in the Right Tools

As most DAOs are global communities, founders should invest in scalable, accessible, and manageable communication platforms to support various languages and content mediums.

不要把事情复杂化

在创办Fire Eyes时， Turley确保采取简单、现实的方法。 

他说：“从实际出发，关注极少数人。” 

在考虑代币经济学结构时也同样适用，虽然将赌注、燃烧和博弈论之类的功能纳入其中可能很有趣，但没有理由推出你不了解的东西。走一条缓慢而稳定的成功之路要比试图一次完成所有事情要好得多。

不要把你的DAO绑定到某一个领导身上

虽然等级制度仍然存在于所有DAO中，但消除单一的声音或权威支配关键决策的能力很重要。Kacher将Alterrage内部设计的深思熟虑的领导架构视为其成功的灯塔。 

“在Alterrage，我们没有一个单一的领导，而是有七个不同的层面（例如：工作室、技术、Web3.0架构等），专注于业务的核心领域。每一层都由一名‘向导’领导，并由三名受过同等培训的支持领导提供额外帮助。没有培训或领导形式，模糊的DAO社区的成员往往会迷失方向，并因沮丧而迷失并离开。”

Don’t overcomplicate things

When starting Fire Eyes, Turley made sure to take a simple, and realistic approach. 

“Think practically and focus on a very small number of people,” he said. 

The same thing applies when considering a tokenomics structure. While it can be fun to incorporate functions like staking, burning, and game theory, there is no reason to launch things that you don’t understand. It’s much better to take a slow and steady path to success rather than try to do everything at once.

Don’t tie your DAO to a single leader

Although hierarchy is still present in all DAOs, it’s important to eliminate the ability of a single voice or authority to dictate key decisions. Kacher credits the designing of thoughtful leadership infrastructure within Alterrage as a beacon of its success. 

“At Alterrage we don’t have one single leader, but rather seven different layers (ex: atelier, tech, web3 architecture, etc.) that focus on core areas of the business. Each layer is led by one ‘guide’ with additional help from three support leaders that are all equally trained. Without training or a form of leadership, members of vague DAO communities are often lost and leave out of frustration.”

只有时间才能证明DAO是否会成为主流组织。但就目前而言，对于有抱负的DAO创始人和Web3.0社区来说，最好的行动方法就是开始行动起来。

“创新和颠覆的美妙之处在于构建新的工具，然后人类使用这些工具来满足生活中的各种不同需求。我们还处于探索这个强大的新工具的早期阶段，所以现在可能还无法知道哪些东西适合或不适合。我很高兴看到这么多人去尝试，因为随着我们一次又一次的胜利，我们将共同很快取得更大的进步。”

Only time will tell whether DAOs become mainstream organizations. But for now, the best method of action for aspiring DAO founders and the broader Web3 community is just to get started。

“Part of the beauty of innovation is that new tools are built, humans then use these tools for all sorts of different needs in their lives. We’re just in an early phase of exploring this powerful new tool, so it’s still too early to know which things make good or bad fits. I’m just excited to see so many people try it out because we’ll collectively make more progress quickly as we collect wins.”