Python3 爬取今日头条（模拟ajax请求）

Python3 爬取今日头条（模拟ajax请求）

注：本文是跟据博主崔庆才的博客来写的，不单单是思路值得学习，还有代码规范更值得去学习。路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。
新建一个config.py文件，如下

MONGO_URL = 'localhost'
MONGO_DB = 'toutiao'
MONGO_TABLE = 'toutiao'

GROUP_START = 1
GROUP_END = 20

KEYWORD = '街拍'

然后创建一个spider.py文件，内容如下：i

import requests
from urllib.parse import urlencode
from requests import RequestException
import json
from json import JSONDecodeError
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re,os
import pymongo
from config import *    #导入之前创建的config.py文件
from hashlib import md5
from multiprocessing import Pool

client = pymongo.MongoClient(MONGO_URL ,connect=False)
db = client[MONGO_DB]

#获取首页Json数据，记为1
def get_page_index(offset, keyword):
    data = {
        'offset': offset,
        'format': 'json',
        'keyword': keyword,
        'autoload': 'true',
        'count': '20',
        'cur_tab': '3',
        'from': 'gallery'
    }
    headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.2; Trident/6.0)'}
    url = 'https://www.toutiao.com/search_content/?' + urlencode(data)
    try:
        response = requests.get(url, headers = headers)
        if response.status_code == 200:
            return response.text
        return None
    except RequestException:
        print('请求出错')
        return None


#解析1的Json数据，获取所需界面URL地址
def parse_page_index(html):
    try:
        data = json.loads(html)
        if data and 'data' in data.keys():  #判断data是否存在
            for i in data.get('data'):
               # print(i.get('article_url'))
                yield i.get('article_url')
    except JSONDecodeError:
        pass

#处理从1中解析得来的数据，记为2
def get_page_detail(url):
    headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.2; Trident/6.0)'}
    try:
        response = requests.get(url, headers = headers)
        if response.status_code == 200:
            return response.text
        return None
    except RequestException:
        print('请求详情页出错',url)
        return None

#解析2

def parse_page_detail(html ,url):
    headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla / 5.0(X11;Ubuntu;Linuxx86_64;rv: 59.0) Gecko / 20100101Firefox / 59.0'}
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
    title = soup.select('title')[0].get_text()
    print(title)
    images_pattern = re.compile('var gallery = (.*?);',re.S)
    result = re.search(images_pattern, html)
    if result:
        data = json.loads(result.group(1))
        #print(result.group(1))
        if data and 'sub_images' in data.keys():
            sub_images = data.get('sub_images')
            images = ['http:' + i.get('url') for i in sub_images]
            print(images)
            for images in images:
                download_image(images,headers,title)
            return {
                'title':title,
                'images': images,
                'url':url,
            }

#将解析的数据保存到Mongo数据库中
def save_to_mongo(result):
    if db[MONGO_TABLE].insert(result):
        print('存储到MongoDB成功',result)
        return True
    return False
#下载图片
def download_image(url, headers ,title):
    print("正在下载：", url)
    try:
        response = requests.get(url, headers = headers)
        if response.status_code == 200 :
            save_image(response.content ,title)
        return None
    except RequestException:
        print('请求图片出错', url)
        return None

def save_image(content, title):
    if not os.path.exists(title):  #如果文件夹不存在就创建
        os.mkdir(title)
    file_path = '{0}/{1}.{2}'.format(title,md5(content).hexdigest(), 'jpg')
    if not os.path.exists(file_path):
        with open(file_path, 'wb') as f:
            f.write(content)
            f.close()

# offset 为要爬取的页码，  KEYWORD为检索内容
def main(offset):
    html = get_page_index(offset, KEYWORD)
    for url in parse_page_index(html):
        html = get_page_detail(url)
        if html:
           # print(html)
            result = parse_page_detail(html,url)
            #print(result)
            if result: save_to_mongo(result)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    groups = [x * 20 for x in range(GROUP_START, GROUP_END + 1)]
    pool = Pool()
    pool.map(main,groups)