Spring 框架（四）（Spring依赖注入 一）

依赖注入

当编写一个复杂 的java应用程序时，应用程序类应该尽可能独立于其他类来增加这些类重用的可能性。依赖注入可以理解为有助于将各种类并在一起，同时保持各种类的独立。

如：private Dog  dog；//将其他类作为本类的属性

public class Demo{
    private Dog dog;
      
    public Demo(Dog dog){  //构造函数注入
       this.dog=dog;
    }
    
    public void setDog(Dog dog){   //setter注入
        this.dog=dog;
    }
}

 

依赖注入有两种

序号	依赖注入类型 & 描述
1	Constructor-based dependency injection 当容器调用带有多个参数的构造函数类时，实现基于构造函数的 DI，每个代表在其他类中的一个依赖关系。
2	Setter-based dependency injection 基于 setter 方法的 DI 是通过在调用无参数的构造函数或无参数的静态工厂方法实例化 bean 之后容器调用 beans 的 setter 方法来实现的。

 

 

Spring基于构造函数的依赖注入

package dc.com;

public class Cat {
    private Dog dog;

    public Cat(Dog dog){
        System.out.println("this is CatClass....");
        this.dog=dog;
    }
    public void CatMe(){
        dog.Dogme();
    }
}

package dc.com;

public class Dog {
    public Dog(){
        System.out.println("this is DogClass.....");
    }

    public void Dogme(){
        System.out.println("this is Dogme......");
    }
}

 

package dc.com;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MainApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        Cat cat= (Cat) applicationContext.getBean("cat");
        cat.CatMe();

    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd">
    <!-- 由 Spring容器创建该类的实例对象 -->
    <bean id="cat" class="dc.com.Cat" >
        <constructor-arg ref="dog"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    <bean id="dog" class="dc.com.Dog"/>
</beans>

 

Spring基于setter方法的依赖注入

package com.tutorialspoint;
public class TextEditor {
   private SpellChecker spellChecker;
   // a setter method to inject the dependency.
   public void setSpellChecker(SpellChecker spellChecker) {
      System.out.println("Inside setSpellChecker." );
      this.spellChecker = spellChecker;
   }
   // a getter method to return spellChecker
   public SpellChecker getSpellChecker() {
      return spellChecker;
   }
   public void spellCheck() {
      spellChecker.checkSpelling();
   }
}

package com.tutorialspoint;
public class SpellChecker {
   public SpellChecker(){
      System.out.println("Inside SpellChecker constructor." );
   }
   public void checkSpelling() {
      System.out.println("Inside checkSpelling." );
   }  
}

 

package com.tutorialspoint;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class MainApp {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      ApplicationContext context = 
             new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml");
      TextEditor te = (TextEditor) context.getBean("textEditor");
      te.spellCheck();
   }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

   <!-- Definition for textEditor bean -->
   <bean id="textEditor" class="com.tutorialspoint.TextEditor">
      <property name="spellChecker" ref="spellChecker"/>
   </bean>

   <!-- Definition for spellChecker bean -->
   <bean id="spellChecker" class="com.tutorialspoint.SpellChecker">
   </bean>

</beans>

可以使用 p-namespace方式

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

   <!-- Definition for textEditor bean -->
   <bean id="textEditor" class="com.tutorialspoint.TextEditor"
    p:spouse-ref="spellchecker">
      
   </bean>

   <!-- Definition for spellChecker bean -->
   <bean id="spellChecker" class="com.tutorialspoint.SpellChecker">
   </bean>

</beans>