简单的监听器统计在线人数

一、什么是监听器？
顾名思义，监听器可以监听许多信息和一些重要事件的发生，servlet监听器在web应用中也可以监听某些对象及信息进行增删改查等等

二、它有什么用？
当你访问浏览器时，它可以统计在线的人数和网站访问量，实现访问的监控，也可以系统加载时进行初始化信息，同时也可以监听客户端的请求和服务端的操作

三、怎么用？

ServletContextListener：用于监听WEB 应用启动和销毁的事件，监听器类需要实现javax.servlet.ServletContextListener 接口。

ServletContextAttributeListener：用于监听WEB应用属性改变的事件，包括：增加属性、删除属性、修改属性，监听器类需要实现javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeListener接口。

HttpSessionListener：用于监听Session对象的创建和销毁，监听器类需要实现javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener接口或者javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionActivationListener接口，或者两个都实现。

HttpSessionActivationListener：用于监听Session对象的钝化/活化事件，监听器类需要实现javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener接口或者javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionActivationListener接口，或者两个都实现。

HttpSessionAttributeListener：用于监听Session对象属性 的改变事件，监听器类需要实现javax.servlet.http.HttpSes sionAttributeListener接口。

实例：用监听器实现在线人数的统计

（1）首先创建一个Listener

代码如下：

package listener;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionAttributeListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;

@WebListener()
public class OnlineListener implements ServletContextListener,
        HttpSessionListener, HttpSessionAttributeListener {

    private static int count=0;

    // Public constructor is required by servlet spec
    public OnlineListener() {//构造函数
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------
    // ServletContextListener implementation
    // -------------------------------------------------------
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {//应用初始化完成
      /* This method is called when the servlet context is
         initialized(when the Web application is deployed). 
         You can initialize servlet context related data here.
      */
    }

    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
      /* This method is invoked when the Servlet Context 
         (the Web application) is undeployed or 
         Application Server shuts down.
      */
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------
    // HttpSessionListener implementation
    // -------------------------------------------------------
    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se) {//创建
      /* Session is created. */
      count++;
        ServletContext app = se.getSession().getServletContext();
        app.setAttribute("count",count);
    }

    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se) {//销毁
      /* Session is destroyed. */
        count--;
        ServletContext app = se.getSession().getServletContext();
        app.setAttribute("count",count);
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------
    // HttpSessionAttributeListener implementation
    // -------------------------------------------------------

    public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent sbe) {//添加
      /* This method is called when an attribute 
         is added to a session.
      */
    }

    public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent sbe) {//删除
      /* This method is called when an attribute
         is removed from a session.
      */
    }

    public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent sbe) {//修改
      /* This method is invoked when an attibute
         is replaced in a session.
      */

    }
}

其中可见一些用于创建、增加、删除、修改的方法

（2）创建监听器servlet的接口

代码如下：

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

@WebServlet(name = "OnlineServlet",urlPatterns = "/online")
public class OnlineServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
      String op=request.getParameter("op");
      String result="";
      switch (op){
          case "login":
              //request.getSession()触发监听器的sessionCreated
              ServletContext app=request.getSession().getServletContext();
              int count= (int) app.getAttribute("count");
              result=String.format("当前%d人在线",count);
              break;
          case "logout":
              //销毁session，触发监听器的sessionDestroy
              request.getSession().invalidate();//销毁session
              result="您已经退出了！";
      }


        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
        out.write(result);
        out.close();
    }
}

 （3）在浏览器上输入要访问的IP地址，会显示当前在线的人数，当然你也可以访问其他人的IP地址