使用Samba或NFS实现文件共享（四）

使用Samba或NFS实现文件共享（四）

4. AutoFs自动挂载服务
   autofs服务程序是一种Linux系统守护进程，当检测到用户试图访问一个尚未挂载的文件系统时，将自动挂载该文件系统。换句话说，我们将挂载信息填入/etc/fstab文件后，系统在每次开机时都自动将其挂载，而autofs服务程序则是在用户需要使用该文件系统时才去动态挂载，从而节约了网络资源和服务器的硬件资源。
   **[root@linuxprobe ~]# yum install autofs
   Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager
   This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
   rhel | 4.1 kB 00:00
   Resolving Dependencies
   –> Running transaction check
   —> Package autofs.x86_64 1:5.0.7-40.el7 will be installed
   –> Processing Dependency: libhesiod.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:autofs-5.0.7-40.el7.x86_64
   –> Running transaction check
   —> Package hesiod.x86_64 0:3.2.1-3.el7 will be installed
   –> Finished Dependency Resolution
   Dependencies Resolved
   ================================================================================
   Package Arch Version Repository Size
   ================================================================================
   Installing:
   autofs x86_64 1:5.0.7-40.el7 rhel 550 k
   Installing for dependencies:
   hesiod x86_64 3.2.1-3.el7 rhel 30 k
   Transaction Summary
   ================================================================================
   Install 1 Package (+1 Dependent package)
   Total download size: 579 k
   Installed size: 3.6 M
   Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
   Downloading packages:

---

Total 9.4 MB/s | 579 kB 00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : hesiod-3.2.1-3.el7.x86_64 1/2
Installing : 1:autofs-5.0.7-40.el7.x86_64 2/2
Verifying : hesiod-3.2.1-3.el7.x86_64 1/2
Verifying : 1:autofs-5.0.7-40.el7.x86_64 2/2
Installed:
autofs.x86_64 1:5.0.7-40.el7
Dependency Installed:
hesiod.x86_64 0:3.2.1-3.el7
Complete!**

在autofs服务程序的主配置文件中需要按照“挂载目录 子配置文件”的格式进行填写。挂载目录是设备挂载位置的上一级目录。具体的配置参数如第7行的加粗字所示。
[root@linuxprobe ~]# vim /etc/auto.master

#Sample auto.master file
#This is an automounter map and it has the following format
#key [ -mount-options-separated-by-comma ] location
#For details of the format look at autofs(5).

/media /etc/iso.misc
/misc /etc/auto.misc

#NOTE: mounts done from a hosts map will be mounted with the
#“nosuid” and “nodev” options unless the “suid” and “dev”
#options are explicitly given.

/net -hosts

#Include /etc/auto.master.d/*.autofs

+dir:/etc/auto.master.d

#Include central master map if it can be found using
#nsswitch sources.

#Note that if there are entries for /net or /misc (as
#above) in the included master map any keys that are the
#same will not be seen as the first read key seen takes
#precedence.

+auto.master

在子配置文件中，应按照“挂载目录 挂载文件类型及权限 :设备名称”的格式进行填写。例如，要把光盘设备挂载到/media/iso目录中，可将挂载目录写为iso，而-fstype为文件系统格式参数，iso9660为光盘设备格式，ro、nosuid及nodev为光盘设备具体的权限参数，/dev/cdrom则是定义要挂载的设备名称。配置完成后再顺手将autofs服务程序启动并加入到系统启动项中：
[root@linuxprobe ~]# vim /etc/iso.misc
iso -fstype=iso9660,ro,nosuid,nodev :/dev/cdrom
[root@linuxprobe ~]# systemctl start autofs
[root@linuxprobe ~]# systemctl enable autofs
ln -s ‘/usr/lib/systemd/system/autofs.service’ '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/autofs.service’

先查看当前的光盘设备挂载情况，确认光盘设备没有被挂载上，而且/media目录中根本就没有iso子目录。但是，我们却可以使用cd命令切换到这个iso子目录中，而且光盘设备会被立即自动挂载上。我们也就能顺利查看光盘内的内容了。
[root@linuxprobe ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 18G 3.0G 15G 17% /
devtmpfs 905M 0 905M 0% /dev
tmpfs 914M 140K 914M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 914M 8.9M 905M 1% /run
tmpfs 914M 0 914M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot
[root@linuxprobe ~]# cd /media
[root@linuxprobe media]# ls
[root@linuxprobe media]# cd iso
[root@linuxprobe iso]# ls -l
total 812
dr-xr-xr-x. 4 root root 2048 May 7 2017 addons
dr-xr-xr-x. 3 root root 2048 May 7 2017 EFI
-r–r--r–. 1 root root 8266 Apr 4 2017 EULA
-r–r--r–. 1 root root 18092 Mar 6 2012 GPL
dr-xr-xr-x. 3 root root 2048 May 7 2017 images
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 2048 May 7 2017 isolinux
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 2048 May 7 2017 LiveOS
-r–r--r–. 1 root root 108 May 7 2017 media.repo
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 774144 May 7 2017 Packages
dr-xr-xr-x. 24 root root 6144 May 7 2017 release-notes
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 May 7 2017 repodata
-r–r--r–. 1 root root 3375 Apr 1 2017 RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta
-r–r--r–. 1 root root 3211 Apr 1 2017 RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
-r–r--r–. 1 root root 1568 May 7 2017 TRANS.TBL
[root@linuxprobe ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 18G 3.0G 15G 17% /
devtmpfs 905M 0 905M 0% /dev
tmpfs 914M 140K 914M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 914M 8.9M 905M 1% /run
tmpfs 914M 0 914M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/cdrom 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /media/iso
/dev/sda1 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot