这里写目录标题
将网络本身看成黑匣子，网络有N个端口，每个端口都有电压和电流（vj、ik）两个变量。假设网络是线性网络，则变量之间的关系可以用线性方程组表示。
[ v 1 v 2 ⋮ v N ] = [ z 11 z 12 ⋯ z 1 N z 21 ⋱ z 2 N ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ z N 1 z N 2 ⋯ z N N ] [ i 1 i 2 ⋮ i N ] ⇔ V = Z I \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{v_1}}\\ {{v_2}}\\ \vdots \\ {{v_N}} \end{array}} \right] = \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{z_{11}}}&{{z_{12}}}& \cdots &{{z_{1N}}}\\ {{z_{21}}}& \ddots &{}&{{z_{2N}}}\\ \vdots &{}& \ddots & \vdots \\ {{z_{N1}}}&{{z_{N2}}}& \cdots &{{z_{NN}}} \end{array}} \right] \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{i_1}}\\ {{i_2}}\\ \vdots \\ {{i_N}} \end{array}} \right] \Leftrightarrow V = ZI ⎣⎢⎢⎢⎡v1v2⋮vN⎦⎥⎥⎥⎤=⎣⎢⎢⎢⎡z11z21⋮zN1z12⋱zN2⋯⋱⋯z1Nz2N⋮zNN⎦⎥⎥⎥⎤⎣⎢⎢⎢⎡i1i2⋮iN⎦⎥⎥⎥⎤⇔V=ZI
[ i 1 i 2 ⋮ i N ] = [ y 11 y 12 ⋯ y 1 N y 21 ⋱ y 2 N ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ y N 1 y N 2 ⋯ y N N ] [ v 1 v 2 ⋮ v N ] ⇔ I = Y V \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{i_1}}\\ {{i_2}}\\ \vdots \\ {{i_N}} \end{array}} \right] = \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{y_{11}}}&{{y_{12}}}& \cdots &{{y_{1N}}}\\ {{y_{21}}}& \ddots &{}&{{y_{2N}}}\\ \vdots &{}& \ddots & \vdots \\ {{y_{N1}}}&{{y_{N2}}}& \cdots &{{y_{NN}}} \end{array}} \right] \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{v_1}}\\ {{v_2}}\\ \vdots \\ {{v_N}} \end{array}} \right] \Leftrightarrow I = YV ⎣⎢⎢⎢⎡i1i2⋮iN⎦⎥⎥⎥⎤=⎣⎢⎢⎢⎡y11y21⋮yN1y12⋱yN2⋯⋱⋯y1Ny2N⋮yNN⎦⎥⎥⎥⎤⎣⎢⎢⎢⎡v1v2⋮vN⎦⎥⎥⎥⎤⇔I=YV
4.1 阻抗和导纳矩阵
二端口网络★
阻抗矩阵★
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\left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{v_1}}\\ {{v_2}} \end{array}} \right] = \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{z_{11}}}&{{z_{12}}}\\ {{z_{21}}}&{{z_{22}}} \end{array}} \right]\left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{i_1}}\\ {{i_2}} \end{array}} \right] \Leftrightarrow \begin{array}{l} {{v_1} = {z_{11}}{i_1} + {z_{12}}{i_2}}\\ {{v_2} = {z_{21}}{i_1} + {z_{22}}{i_2}} \end{array}
[v1v2]=[z11z21z12z22][i1i2]⇔v1=z11i1+z12i2v2=z21i1+z22i2
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{\left. {{z_{mn}} = \frac{{{v_m}}}{{{i_n}}}} \right|_{{i_k} = 0;k \ne n}}
zmn=invm∣∣∣ik=0;k=n
导纳矩阵★
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\left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{i_1}}\\ {{i_2}} \end{array}} \right] = \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{y_{11}}}&{{y_{12}}}\\ {{y_{21}}}&{{y_{22}}} \end{array}} \right]\left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{v_1}}\\ {{v_2}} \end{array}} \right] \Leftrightarrow \begin{array}{l} {{i_1} = {y_{11}}{v_1} + {y_{12}}{v_2}}\\ {{i_2} = {y_{21}}{v_1} + {y_{22}}{v_2}} \end{array}
[i1i2]=[y11y21y12y22][v1v2]⇔i1=y11v1+y12v2i2=y21v1+y22v2
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ymn=vnim∣∣∣ik=0;k=n
如果上述矩阵是可逆的，则
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所有变量都属于复数域
各种参数矩阵之间的关系
4.1.2 互易网络
所谓两端口网络的互易性是指，互换两端口之间的激励源，其网络响应保持不变。
左边
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IP=z11z22−z12z21z21Vs
4.1.3 无耗网络
自身不消耗能量也不产生能量的网络称为无耗网络。
无耗网络在任何条件下满足
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P=21Re{VTI∗}=0★
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VTI∗=ITZTI∗=n=1∑Nm=1∑Nimzmnin∗=n=1∑Nm=1∑Nimin∗zmn
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网络两端分别接恒流源，分别令恒流源{i1,i2}分别为{ 1,0 }、{ 0,1 }、{ 1,j }和{ j,1 }便可证明上述结论。
4.2 传输矩阵（ABCD矩阵）
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\begin{array}{l} {{v_1} = A{v_2} + B{i_2}}\\ {{i_1} = C{v_2} + D{i_2}} \end{array} \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{v_1}}\\ {{i_1}} \end{array}} \right] = \left[ {\begin{array}{l} A&B\\ C&D \end{array}} \right] \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{v_2}}\\ {{i_2}} \end{array}} \right]
v1=Av2+Bi2i1=Cv2+Di2⇔[v1i1]=[ACBD][v2i2]★
这种产生定义适于网络级联网络运算：
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\begin{array}{l} \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{v_1}}\\ {{i_1}} \end{array}} \right] = \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{A_1}}&{{B_1}}\\ {{C_1}}&{{D_1}} \end{array}} \right] \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{v_2}}\\ {{i_2}} \end{array}} \right] \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{v_2}}\\ {{i_2}} \end{array}} \right] = \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{A_2}}&{{B_2}}\\ {{C_2}}&{{D_2}} \end{array}} \right] \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{v_3}}\\ {{i_3}} \end{array}} \right]\\ \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{v_1}}\\ {{i_1}} \end{array}} \right] = \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{A_1}}&{{B_1}}\\ {{C_1}}&{{D_1}} \end{array}} \right] \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{A_2}}&{{B_2}}\\ {{C_2}}&{{D_2}} \end{array}} \right] \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{v_3}}\\ {{i_3}} \end{array}} \right] \end{array}
[v1i1]=[A1C1B1D1][v2i2][v2i2]=[A2C2B2D2][v3i3][v1i1]=[A1C1B1D1][A2C2B2D2][v3i3]
互易：AD-BC=1
ABCD矩阵 教材(4.10)的定义 PDF116页
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\left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{v_1}}\\ {{i_1}} \end{array}} \right] = \left[ {\begin{array}{l} A&B\\ C&D \end{array}} \right] \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{v_2}}\\ {-{i_2}} \end{array}} \right]
[v1i1]=[ACBD][v2−i2]★
各种参数矩阵之间的关系
同教材107页表4.1 PDF123页★
4.3 混合参数矩阵[H] 教材100页 PDF116页
混合参数矩阵
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\left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{v_1}}\\ {{i_2}} \end{array}} \right] = \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{h_{11}}}&{{h_{12}}}\\ {{h_{21}}}&{{h_{22}}} \end{array}} \right] \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{i_1}}\\ {{v_2}} \end{array}} \right]
[v1i2]=[h11h21h12h22][i1v2]★
常用于晶体管交流等效电路，一端口作为输入端口。
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各种参数矩阵之间的关系
各种参数矩阵之间的关系★★
各种参数矩阵之间的关系 统一电流方向为上图
阻抗矩阵适合串联网络分析
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\left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{v_1}}\\ {{v_2}} \end{array}} \right] = \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{z_{11}}}&{{z_{12}}}\\ {{z_{21}}}&{{z_{22}}} \end{array}} \right]\left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{i_1}}\\ {{i_2}} \end{array}} \right] \Leftrightarrow \begin{array}{l} {{v_1} = {z_{11}}{i_1} + {z_{12}}{i_2}}\\ {{v_2} = {z_{21}}{i_1} + {z_{22}}{i_2}} \end{array}
[v1v2]=[z11z21z12z22][i1i2]⇔v1=z11i1+z12i2v2=z21i1+z22i2
导纳矩阵适合并联网络分析
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\left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{i_1}}\\ {{i_2}} \end{array}} \right] = \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{y_{11}}}&{{y_{12}}}\\ {{y_{21}}}&{{y_{22}}} \end{array}} \right]\left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{v_1}}\\ {{v_2}} \end{array}} \right] \Leftrightarrow \begin{array}{l} {{i_1} = {y_{11}}{v_1} + {y_{12}}{v_2}}\\ {{i_2} = {y_{21}}{v_1} + {y_{22}}{v_2}} \end{array}
[i1i2]=[y11y21y12y22][v1v2]⇔i1=y11v1+y12v2i2=y21v1+y22v2
ABCD矩阵适合级联网络分析
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\left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{v_1}}\\ {{i_1}} \end{array}} \right] = \left[ {\begin{array}{l} A&B\\ C&D \end{array}} \right] \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{v_2}}\\ {-{i_2}} \end{array}} \right]
[v1i1]=[ACBD][v2−i2]★
混合参数矩阵适合串并联混合网络分析
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\left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{v_1}}\\ {{i_2}} \end{array}} \right] = \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{h_{11}}}&{{h_{12}}}\\ {{h_{21}}}&{{h_{22}}} \end{array}} \right] \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{i_1}}\\ {{v_2}} \end{array}} \right]
[v1i2]=[h11h21h12h22][i1v2]★
由于各种矩阵都是由端口电压、电路作为变量构成，通过简单的移项，代入处理便可方便的转换
需要注意的是转换中电压电流的方向
教材109页PDF125页★
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4.4 散射参量
前面定义的矩阵或线性方程组都以电流、电压为变量。
在求取矩阵参数时，不可避免涉及到电压为零或电流为零的条件
对应于电路而言，即端口的开路或短路
这在很多电路中是不可实现的
解决思路：
进行坐标变换，得到一组新的参量
新参量既满足物理可实现性又方便线性分析，还便于恢复电压电流参数
1、采用线性变换得到新变量，则新变量构成的系统仍然是线性系统
2、解决端口开短路的不可实现问题
回顾传输线方程，如果用入射波及反射波作为变量，则变量为零对应于某端口的阻抗匹配，而不是端口的开路或者短路
3、变量最好对功率归一化
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P = \frac{{{V^2}}}{R}{\rm{ }} \Rightarrow {\rm{ }}{V_X} = \frac{V}{{\sqrt R }}{\rm{ }} \Rightarrow {\rm{ }}P = V_X^2\\ P = R{I^2}{\rm{ }} \Rightarrow {\rm{ }}{I_X} = \sqrt R I{\rm{ }} \Rightarrow {\rm{ }}P = I_X^2
P=RV2⇒VX=RV⇒P=VX2P=RI2⇒IX=RI⇒P=IX2
4.4.1 散射参量的定义
传输线方程
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{V(z)=V0+e−γz+V0−eγzI(z)=Z0V0+e−γz−Z0V0−eγz⇒{V(0)=V0=V0++V0−I(0)=I0=Z0V0+−Z0V0−
用终端电流电压表示终端的电压入射波和反射波
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V0+=(V0+Z0I0)/2V0−=(V0−Z0I0)/2
再对电压入射波和反射波进行功率归一化，产生一组端口新变量
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an=2Z0Vn+Z0In★(4.36)
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bn=2Z0Vn−Z0In★
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Vn=Z0(an+bn)★(4.37)
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In=Z01(an−bn)★
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{P_n} = \frac{1}{2}{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} \left\{ {{V_n}I_n^*} \right\} = \frac{1}{2}{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} \left\{ {\left[ {\sqrt {{Z_0}} \left( {{a_n} + {b_n}} \right)} \right]{{\left[ {\frac{1}{{\sqrt {{Z_0}} }}\left( {{a_n} - {b_n}} \right)} \right]}^*}} \right\}\\ = \frac{1}{2}{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} \left\{ {{a_n}a_n^* - {a_n}b_n^* + a_n^*{b_n} - b_n^*b_n^*} \right\} = \frac{1}{2}\left( {{{\left| a \right|}^2} - {{\left| b \right|}^2}} \right)
Pn=21Re{VnIn∗}=21Re{[Z0(an+bn)][Z01(an−bn)]∗}=21Re{anan∗−anbn∗+an∗bn−bn∗bn∗}=21(∣a∣2−∣b∣2)★
其中：Z0为特征阻抗，实数。其它均为复数
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{{V^ + } = \sqrt {{Z_0}} a{\rm{ }}}
V+=Z0a(4.39)
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{{I^ + } = {a \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {a {\sqrt {{Z_0}} }}} \right.} {\sqrt {{Z_0}} }}}
I+=a/aZ0Z0
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{{V^ - } = \sqrt {{Z_0}} b}
V−=Z0b
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{{I^ - } = {{ - b} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{ - b} {\sqrt {{Z_0}} }}} \right.} {\sqrt {{Z_0}} }}}
I−=−b/−bZ0Z0
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\Gamma = \frac{{{V_{}}^ - }}{{{V_{}}^ + }} = \frac{b}{a}
Γ=V+V−=ab
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\left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{b_1}}\\ {{b_2}} \end{array}} \right] = \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{{\rm{S}}_{11}}}&{{{\rm{S}}_{12}}}\\ {{{\rm{S}}_{21}}}&{{{\rm{S}}_{22}}} \end{array}} \right] \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{a_1}}\\ {{a_2}} \end{array}} \right]
[b1b2]=[S11S21S12S22][a1a2]★
a和b描述的是功率归一化的电压参量，与实际电压入射波、反射波只是比例不同
因此S参数矩阵也可表示为
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{{{V_n^ + } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{V_n^ + } {\sqrt {{Z_0}} }}} \right.} {\sqrt {{Z_0}} }} = {a_n}}\\ {{{V_n^ - } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{V_n^ - } {\sqrt {{Z_0}} }}} \right.} {\sqrt {{Z_0}} }} = {b_n}}
Vn+/Vn+Z0Z0=anVn−/Vn−Z0Z0=bn
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\left[ {\begin{array}{l} {V_1^ - }\\ {V_2^ - } \end{array}} \right] = \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{{\rm{S}}_{11}}}&{{{\rm{S}}_{12}}}\\ {{{\rm{S}}_{21}}}&{{{\rm{S}}_{22}}} \end{array}} \right] \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {V_1^ + }\\ {V_2^ + } \end{array}} \right]
[V1−V2−]=[S11S21S12S22][V1+V2+]
教材PDF129页
入射波的方向指向网络内部
反射波指向网络外部
入射波网络外向网络内输入能量
反射波为网络向外输出能量
关于波与电压电流的关系问题
1、S参数方程中的波a、b必须由网络端口的两条线共同传输
不能认为是一条传输a而另一条传输b。
2、入射波表示向网络注入能量，反射波由网络向外输出能量
3、入射波与反射波的定义与电压电流方向的关系（两端口均为关联参考方向）
4、入射波与反射波的方向表示传输方向
虽然传输方向相反，但它们定义的端口电压方向相同
S参数的工程表示
矩阵公式中描述的S参数为复比例值
工程中常用dB表示幅度值
线性描述：
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{S_{mn}} = {S_{mnR}} + j{S_{mnI}} = \left| {{S_{mn}}} \right|{e^{j{\varphi _{mn}}}}
Smn=SmnR+jSmnI=∣Smn∣ejφmn
dB描述：
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X∠φmn、
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X = 20\log \left| {{S_{mn}}} \right|
X=20log∣Smn∣
magnitude = sqrt(Re^2 + Im^2)
phase = arctan(Im / Re)
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{S_{11}} = 0.5 + j0.5{\rm{ }} \Leftrightarrow {S_{11}} = {\rm{0}}{\rm{.707}}\angle {\rm{4}}{{\rm{5}}^ \circ }
S11=0.5+j0.5⇔S11=0.707∠45∘
网络传输过程与散射参量的关系
特征阻抗
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{\Gamma _S} = \frac{{{Z_S} - {Z_0}}}{{{Z_S}{\rm{ + }}{Z_0}}}, {\Gamma _{{\rm{in}}}} = \frac{{{Z_{{\rm{in}}}} - {Z_0}}}{{{Z_{{\rm{in}}}}{\rm{ + }}{Z_0}}}, {\Gamma _{{\rm{out}}}} = \frac{{{Z_{{\rm{out}}}} - {Z_0}}}{{{Z_{{\rm{out}}}}{\rm{ + }}{Z_0}}}, {\Gamma _{\rm{L}}} = \frac{{{Z_{\rm{L}}} - {Z_0}}}{{{Z_{\rm{L}}}{\rm{ + }}{Z_0}}}
ΓS=ZS+Z0ZS−Z0,Γin=Zin+Z0Zin−Z0,Γout=Zout+Z0Zout−Z0,ΓL=ZL+Z0ZL−Z0★
对于阻抗不匹配时，会产生来回的多次反射，这时的
a
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ai、
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bi是同方向的波的叠加，而不仅仅是某一端口的入射和反射的关系
因此不能直接用反射系数（a,b）计算S参数。
4.4.2 散射参量的物理意义
对于射频电路设计来讲，特征阻抗是一个标准值
所有电路、设备的输入输出阻抗，负载，电源输出阻抗等都要求与之相等
在网络连接标准电源和标准负载的条件下：
1、S11为网络输入反射系数，描述了输入阻抗与标准之间的差异。
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{S_{11}} = {\Gamma _{in}} = \frac{{{Z_{in}} - {Z_0}}}{{{Z_{in}} + {Z_0}}}
S11=Γin=Zin+Z0Zin−Z0★
回波损耗
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RL = - 20\log \left| {{S_{11}}} \right|
RL=−20log∣S11∣★
2、S21表示网络的正向传输增益
3、S12表示网络的反向传输系数
4、S22表示网络的输出阻抗
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{S_{22}} = {\Gamma _{out}} = \frac{{{Z_{out}} - {Z_0}}}{{{Z_{out}} + {Z_0}}}
S22=Γout=Zout+Z0Zout−Z0★
功率问题：
我们研究电路通常研究负载上实际耗散的功率，而不是其存储的功率
换句话说我们对实功功率感兴趣。
如果信号为单频信号，用峰值描述，则端口接收的实功功率可表示为
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{P_n} = \frac{1}{2}{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} \left\{ {{V_n}I_n^*} \right\} = \frac{1}{2}{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} \left\{ {\left[ {\sqrt {{Z_0}} \left( {{a_n} + {b_n}} \right)} \right]{{\left[ {\frac{1}{{\sqrt {{Z_0}} }}\left( {{a_n} - {b_n}} \right)} \right]}^*}} \right\}\\ = \frac{1}{2}{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} \left\{ {{a_n}a_n^* - {a_n}b_n^* + a_n^*{b_n} - b_n^*b_n^*} \right\} = \frac{1}{2}\left( {{{\left| a \right|}^2} - {{\left| b \right|}^2}} \right)
Pn=21Re{VnIn∗}=21Re{[Z0(an+bn)][Z01(an−bn)]∗}=21Re{anan∗−anbn∗+an∗bn−bn∗bn∗}=21(∣a∣2−∣b∣2)★
4.4.3 链形散射矩阵
{ a 1 b 1 } = { T 11 T 12 T 21 T 22 } { b 2 a 2 } \left\{ {\begin{array}{l} {{a_1}}\\ {{b_1}} \end{array}} \right\} = \left\{ {\begin{array}{l} {{T_{11}}}&{{T_{12}}}\\ {{T_{21}}}&{{T_{22}}} \end{array}} \right\}\left\{ {\begin{array}{l} {{b_2}}\\ {{a_2}} \end{array}} \right\} {a1b1}={T11T21T12T22}{b2a2}
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\left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{b_1}}\\ {{b_2}} \end{array}} \right] = \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{{\rm{S}}_{11}}}&{{{\rm{S}}_{12}}}\\ {{{\rm{S}}_{21}}}&{{{\rm{S}}_{22}}} \end{array}} \right] \left[ {\begin{array}{l} {{a_1}}\\ {{a_2}} \end{array}} \right]
[b1b2]=[S11S21S12S22][a1a2]★
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{T_{11}} = \frac{1}{{{S_{21}}}}{\rm{ ; }}{T_{12}} = - \frac{{{S_{22}}}}{{{S_{21}}}}{\rm{ ; }}{T_{21}} = \frac{{{S_{11}}}}{{{S_{21}}}}{\rm{ ; }}{T_{22}} = \frac{{ - \left( {{S_{11}}{S_{22}} - {S_{12}}{S_{21}}} \right)}}{{{S_{21}}}} = \frac{{ - \Delta S}}{{{S_{21}}}}
T11=S211;T12=−S21S22;T21=S21S11;T22=S21−(S11S22−S12S21)=S21−ΔS★
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{S_{11}} = \frac{{{T_{21}}}}{{{T_{11}}}}{\rm{ ; }}{S_{12}} = - \frac{{\Delta T}}{{{T_{11}}}}{\rm{ ; }}{S_{21}} = \frac{1}{{{T_{11}}}}{\rm{ ; }}{S_{22}} = - \frac{{{T_{12}}}}{{{T_{11}}}}
S11=T11T21;S12=−T11ΔT;S21=T111;S22=−T11T12★
4.5 信号流图
4.5.1 信号流图的分解
串联法则★
V 3 = S 32 V 2 = S 32 S 21 V 1 {V_3} = {S_{32}}{V_2} = {S_{32}}{S_{21}}{V_1} V3=S32V2=S32S21V1
并联法则★
V 2 = S a V 1 + S b V 1 = ( S a + S b ) V 1 {V_2} = {S_a}{V_1} + {S_b}{V_1} = ({S_a} + {S_b}){V_1} V2=SaV1+SbV1=(Sa+Sb)V1
自闭环法则★
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{V_2} = {S_{21}}{V_1} + {S_{22}}{V_2}
V2=S21V1+S22V2
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{V_3} = {S_{32}}{V_2}
V3=S32V2
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{V_3} = \frac{{{S_{32}}{S_{21}}}}{{1 - {S_{22}}}}{V_1}
V3=1−S22S32S21V1
剖分法则★
V 4 = S 42 V 2 = S 21 S 42 V 1 {V_4} = {S_{42}}{V_2} = {S_{21}}{S_{42}}{V_1} V4=S42V2=S21S42V1
例2
1、求放大器输入反射系数：即断开信号源，接上负载，求
2、接上信号源，求
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{\Gamma _{in}} = \frac{{{b_1}}}{{{a_1}}} = \frac{1}{{{\Delta _{{\rm{ 0}}}}}}\left( {{P_1}{\Delta _{{\rm{ }}1}} + {P_2}{\Delta _{{\rm{ }}2}}} \right) = \frac{{{S_{11}}\left( {1 - {S_{22}}{\Gamma _L}} \right) + {S_{12}}{\Gamma _L}{S_{21}}}}{{1 - {S_{22}}{\Gamma _L}}} = {S_{11}} + \frac{{{S_{12}}{S_{21}}{\Gamma _L}}}{{1 - {S_{22}}{\Gamma _L}}}
Γin=a1b1=Δ01(P1Δ1+P2Δ2)=1−S22ΓLS11(1−S22ΓL)+S12ΓLS21=S11+1−S22ΓLS12S21ΓL★
Γ o u t = S 22 + S 12 S 21 Γ S 1 − S 11 Γ S {\Gamma _{out}} = {S_{22}} + \frac{{{S_{12}}{S_{21}}{\Gamma _S}}}{{1 - {S_{11}}{\Gamma _S}}} Γout=S22+1−S11ΓSS12S21ΓS★
b 1 b S = 1 Δ 0 ( P 1 Δ 1 + P 2 Δ 2 ) = S 11 ( 1 − S 22 Γ L ) + S 12 Γ L S 21 1 − S 11 Γ S − S 22 Γ L + Γ S Γ L ( S 11 S 22 − S 12 S 21 ) \frac{{{b_1}}}{{{b_S}}} = \frac{1}{{{\Delta _{{\rm{ 0}}}}}}\left( {{P_1}{\Delta _{{\rm{ }}1}} + {P_2}{\Delta _{{\rm{ }}2}}} \right) = \frac{{{S_{11}}\left( {1 - {S_{22}}{\Gamma _L}} \right) + {S_{12}}{\Gamma _L}{S_{21}}}}{{1 - {S_{11}}{\Gamma _S} - {S_{22}}{\Gamma _L} + {\Gamma _S}{\Gamma _L}\left( {{S_{11}}{S_{22}} - {S_{12}}{S_{21}}} \right)}} bSb1=Δ01(P1Δ1+P2Δ2)=1−S11ΓS−S22ΓL+ΓSΓL(S11S22−S12S21)S11(1−S22ΓL)+S12ΓLS21
作业
《射频电路设计——理论与应用》
第四章中习题 4.3，4.6，4.13，4.15，4.19
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