1. 自定义拦截器概述
1) Spring MVC也可以使用拦截器对请求进行拦截处理,用户可以自定义拦截器来实现特定的功能,自定义的拦截器可以实现HandlerInterceptor接口,或者可以继承
HandlerInterceptorAdapter 适配器类
① preHandle():这个方法在业务处理器处理请求之前被调用,在该方法中对用户请求 request 进行处理。如果程序员决定该拦截器对请求进行拦截处理后还要调用其他的拦截器,或者是业务处理器去进行处理,则返回true;如果程序员决定不需要再调用其他的组件去处理请求,则返回false。
② postHandle():这个方法在业务处理器处理完请求后,但是DispatcherServlet 向客户端返回响应前被调用,在该方法中对用户请求request进行处理。
③ afterCompletion():这个方法在 DispatcherServlet 完全处理完请求后被调用,可以在该方法中进行一些资源清理的操作。
2. 实验代码(单个拦截器)
1) 自定义拦截器类
package com.atguigu.springmvc.interceptors;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
public class FirstHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3) throws Exception {
System.out.println(this.getClass().getName() + " - afterCompletion");
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {
System.out.println(this.getClass().getName() + " - postHandle");
}
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
Object arg2) throws Exception {
System.out.println(this.getClass().getName() + " - preHandle");
return true;
}
}
2) 配置拦截器
<mvc:interceptors>
<!-- 声明自定义拦截器 -->
<bean id="firstHandlerInterceptor"
class="com.atguigu.springmvc.interceptors.FirstHandlerInterceptor"></bean>
</mvc:interceptors>
3) 断点调试拦截器执行流程
4) 拦截器方法执行顺序(小总结)
3. 实验代码(多个拦截器)
1) 自定义拦截器类(两个)
e com.atguigu.springmvc.interceptors;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
public class FirstHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
throws Exception {
System.out.println(this.getClass().getName() + " - afterCompletion");
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {
System.out.println(this.getClass().getName() + " - postHandle");
}
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
Object arg2) throws Exception {
System.out.println(this.getClass().getName() + " - preHandle");
return true;
}
}
package com.atguigu.springmvc.interceptors;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
public class SecondHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
throws Exception {
System.out.println(this.getClass().getName() + " - afterCompletion");
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {
System.out.println(this.getClass().getName() + " - postHandle");
}
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
Object arg2) throws Exception {
System.out.println(this.getClass().getName() + " - preHandle");
return true;
}
}
2) 配置自定义拦截器
<mvc:interceptors>
<!-- 声明自定义拦截器 -->
<bean id="firstHandlerInterceptor"
class="com.atguigu.springmvc.interceptors.FirstHandlerInterceptor"></bean>
<!-- 配置拦截器引用 -->
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/empList"/>
<!-- <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/empList"/> -->
<bean id="secondHandlerInterceptor"
class="com.atguigu.springmvc.interceptors.SecondHandlerInterceptor"></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
两个都是返回true :
com.atguigu.springmvc.interceptors.FirstHandlerInterceptor - preHandle
com.atguigu.springmvc.interceptors.SecondHandlerInterceptor - preHandle
************************************biz method*******************************
com.atguigu.springmvc.interceptors.SecondHandlerInterceptor - postHandle
com.atguigu.springmvc.interceptors.FirstHandlerInterceptor - postHandle
com.atguigu.springmvc.interceptors.SecondHandlerInterceptor - afterCompletion
com.atguigu.springmvc.interceptors.FirstHandlerInterceptor - afterCompletion
两个都是返回false:
com.atguigu.springmvc.interceptors.FirstHandlerInterceptor - preHandle
true,false
com.atguigu.springmvc.interceptors.FirstHandlerInterceptor - preHandle
com.atguigu.springmvc.interceptors.SecondHandlerInterceptor - preHandle
com.atguigu.springmvc.interceptors.FirstHandlerInterceptor - afterCompletion
false,true
com.atguigu.springmvc.interceptors.FirstHandlerInterceptor - preHandle
4. 多个拦截方法的执行顺序
1) 关于执行顺序
com.atguigu.springmvc.interceptors.FirstHandlerInterceptor - preHandle
com.atguigu.springmvc.interceptors.SecondHandlerInterceptor – preHandle
************************************biz method*******************************
com.atguigu.springmvc.interceptors.SecondHandlerInterceptor - postHandle
com.atguigu.springmvc.interceptors.FirstHandlerInterceptor - postHandle
com.atguigu.springmvc.interceptors.SecondHandlerInterceptor - afterCompletion
com.atguigu.springmvc.interceptors.FirstHandlerInterceptor - afterCompletion
2) 执行顺序图解
3) 从源代码的执行角度分析流程:
boolean applyPreHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
if (getInterceptors() != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < getInterceptors().length; i++) {
HandlerInterceptor interceptor = getInterceptors()[i];
if (!interceptor.preHandle(request, response, this.handler)) {
triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null);
return false;
}
this.interceptorIndex = i;
}
}
return true;
}
void applyPostHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, ModelAndView mv) throws Exception {
if (getInterceptors() == null) {
return;
}
for (int i = getInterceptors().length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
HandlerInterceptor interceptor = getInterceptors()[i];
interceptor.postHandle(request, response, this.handler, mv);
}
}
4) 源码分析:分析interceptorIndex的值情况
总结:由配制顺序决定
5. 拦截器总结:
- 自定义拦截器的两种方式
实现HandlerInterceptor接口
继承HandlerInterceptorAdaptor类 - 拦截器的配置
2.1 拦截所有的请求
或者
2.2 指定拦截或者是排除拦截
mvc:interceptor
<mvc:mapping path=""/>
<mvc:exclude-mapping path=""/>
</mvc:interceptor> - 拦截器中三个方法的执行顺序 执行时机:
preHandle : 在请求处理方法之前执行,在DispatcherServlet的939行.
postHandle : 在请求处理方法之后执行, 在视图处理之前. 在DispatcherServlet 954行 .
afterCompletion : 在视图处理之后执行 , 在DispatcherServlet 1030行. - 多个拦截器的执行顺序
多个拦截器的执行顺序由拦截器的配置顺序决定,先配置的先执行。 - 多个拦截器方法的执行顺序: { [ ( ) ] }
preHandle: 与拦截器的执行顺序一致
postHandle: 与拦截器的执行顺序相反
afterCompletion: 与拦截器的执行顺序相反. - 当拦截器的preHandle方法返回false后:
当第一个拦截器的preHandle返回false后,后续的操作都不再执行.
当某个拦截器的preHandle返回false后,该拦截器前面的拦截器的afterCompletion方法会执行。