stochastic matrix,doubly-stochastic matrix (bistochastic matrix)

1.随机矩阵 stochastic matrix

定义：
　　A square matrix P is said to be stochastic if its elements are all nonnegative and all row sums are one.
　　如果一个方阵P的每一项均为非负的并且每行的和均为1，则称其为随机矩阵stochastic ；

2、双随机矩阵 doubly stochastic matrix

定义：
　　If in addition to being stochastic, all column sums are one, the matrix is said to be doubly stochastic. An obvious example of a doubly stochastic matrix is the n × n matrix in which each entry is 1/n.
　　如果在是stochastic矩阵的基础上，每列的和也均为1，那么此矩阵为 doubly stochastic。一个最简单的双随机矩阵例子是一个每项均为 1/n 的 n x n矩阵。

参考：website

3、bistochastic matrix

有些地方定义bistochastic matrix：the rows and columns of the matrix A sum to 1.（若矩阵A的行和与列和均为1，则A为bistochastic）