#Linux杂记--Ubuntu 非 headless 模式运行 selenium 方法

问题描述

        众所周知，linux 的 shell 环境下由于没有显示器环境变量，导致 selenium 启动 Chrome 时会出现以下错误，网上大多数教程的解决办法都是以 headless 模式运行 chrome，这样虽然也行，但是某些网站如果以headless模式运行就会被检测，因此本文介绍另一种解决办法。

>>> from selenium.webdriver import Chrome
>>> browser = Chrome()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/undetected_chromedriver/__init__.py", line 401, in __init__
    super(Chrome, self).__init__(
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/webdriver.py", line 69, in __init__
    super().__init__(DesiredCapabilities.CHROME['browserName'], "goog",
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/chromium/webdriver.py", line 92, in __init__
    super().__init__(
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 277, in __init__
    self.start_session(capabilities, browser_profile)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/undetected_chromedriver/__init__.py", line 589, in start_session
    super(selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver.WebDriver, self).start_session(
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 370, in start_session
    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, parameters)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 435, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py", line 247, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: cannot connect to chrome at 127.0.0.1:41863
from chrome not reachable
Stacktrace:
#0 0x55de74c78cd3 <unknown>
#1 0x55de74a807ff <unknown>
#2 0x55de74a6fbc9 <unknown>
#3 0x55de74aa869f <unknown>
#4 0x55de74aa05a6 <unknown>
#5 0x55de74adb94a <unknown>
#6 0x55de74ad5aa3 <unknown>
#7 0x55de74aab3fa <unknown>
#8 0x55de74aac555 <unknown>
#9 0x55de74cc02bd <unknown>
#10 0x55de74cc4418 <unknown>
#11 0x55de74caa36e <unknown>
#12 0x55de74cc5078 <unknown>
#13 0x55de74c9ebb0 <unknown>
#14 0x55de74ce1d58 <unknown>
#15 0x55de74ce1ed8 <unknown>
#16 0x55de74cfbcfd <unknown>
#17 0x7fd26a846b43 <unknown>

---

解决办法：

        1、安装 xvfb。

sudo aptitude install xvfb

        2、通过xvfb启动python。

xvfb-run python3

        3、成功。