python可视化学习（二）：plotly库（基础）

python可视化学习（二）：plotly库（基础）

1.安装和更新

安装：

pip install plotly

更新：

pip install plotly --upgrade

2.在线使用，画的图会存入云账户中

import plotly

#设置用户名和API-KEY
plotly.offline.init_notebook_mode(connected=True)

在这里，用到的用户名和API需要到plotly的官网进行注册登录，然后登陆如下界面：

往下拉，输入密码，即可获得API-KEY。

3.离线使用

import plotly
from  plotly.graph_objs import Scatter,Layout

plotly.offline.init_notebook_mode(connected=True)

4.py.plot和py.iplot区别

py。plot会生成一个离线的html文件，里面放置图片。而py.iplot则直接在ipython notebook里面生成图片

在这里，我就使用离线使用的方法，来为大家演示一下，每个操作的使用。（建议使用jupyter notebook）

5.plotly库的使用

5.1 折线图

#%%writefile D:\基本折线图.py   #保存成py文件
import plotly.offline as py
from plotly.graph_objs import Scatter, Layout
import plotly.graph_objs as go

py.init_notebook_mode(connected=True)

trace1 = go.Scatter(
    x=[1,2,3],
    y=[1,2,4])

trace2 = go.Scatter(
    x=[1,2,5],
    y=[2,1,4])

py.iplot([trace1, trace2])

5.2 基本散点图

#%%writefile D:\基本散点图.py
import plotly.offline as py
from plotly.graph_objs import Scatter, Layout
import plotly.graph_objs as go

py.init_notebook_mode(connected=True)

trace = go.Scatter(
    x=[1,2,3],
    y=[1,2,3],
    marker = dict(          #marker可无
            color=['red', 'blue', 'green'],
            size=[30,80,200],),
    mode='markers'   #如果没有mode，默认值问点加直线
)
py.iplot([trace])

5.3 直线加点图

#%%writefile D:\直线加散点图.py
import plotly.offline as py
from plotly.graph_objs import Scatter, Layout
import plotly.graph_objs as go

py.init_notebook_mode(connected=True)

trace = go.Scatter(
    x=[1,2,3],
    y=[1,2,3],
    marker = dict(
        color=['red', 'blue', 'green'],
        size=[30,80,200],),
    mode='markers + lines'
)
py.iplot([trace])

5.4 设立图例的位置

#%%writefile D:\图例的位置图.py
import plotly.offline as py
from plotly.graph_objs import Scatter, Layout
import plotly.graph_objs as go

py.init_notebook_mode(connected=True)

trace1=go.Scatter(
    name="lenged1",
    x=[3,2],
    y=[2,1])

trace2=go.Scatter(
    name="lenged2",
    x=[1,2],
    y=[2,1])

layout = go.Layout(   #会自动帮我们生成图例，但是我们可以调整图例的位置
    showlegend=True,
    legend=dict(
        x=0.0,
        y=0.0)
)

data = [trace1, trace2]
fig = go.Figure(data=data, layout=layout)
py.iplot(fig)

5.5 给点加注释

#%%writefile D:\给点加上注释图.py
import plotly.offline as py
from plotly.graph_objs import Scatter, Layout
import plotly.graph_objs as go

py.init_notebook_mode(connected=True)

trace1=go.Scatter(
    x=[1,2,3],
    y=[1,2,3],
    text=['A', 'B', 'C'],
    textposition='top center',   #正上方
    mode="markers+text",   #这句话不可少
    marker=dict(
        size=[20,20,20]
    )
)
data=[trace1]
py.iplot(data)

5.6 设立坐标轴

#%%writefile D:\设置坐标轴图.py
import plotly.offline as py
from plotly.graph_objs import Scatter, Layout
import plotly.graph_objs as go

py.init_notebook_mode(connected=True)

trace=go.Scatter(
    x=[-1,2,3,4],
    y=[1,-2,3,6])
axis_template=dict(
    showgrid=True,   #网格
    zeroline=True,   #是否显示基线，即沿着（0，0)画出x轴和y轴
    nticks=20,    #格子数目 
    showline=True,  
    title='X axis', 
    mirror='all',  
    zerolinecolor='#FF0000'
)

layout=go.Layout(
    xaxis=axis_template,
    yaxis=axis_template)

data=[trace]
fig=go.Figure(
    data=data,
    layout=layout)
py.iplot(fig)

5.7 热力图

#%%writefile D:\热力图.py
import plotly.offline as py
from plotly.graph_objs import Scatter, Layout
import plotly.graph_objs as go

py.init_notebook_mode(connected=True)

trace=go.Heatmap(
    z=[
        [1,2,3,4],
        [5,6,7,8]
    ]
)
data=[trace]
py.iplot(data)

5.8 柱形图

#%%writefile D:\柱形图.py
import plotly.offline as py
from plotly.graph_objs import Scatter, Layout
import plotly.graph_objs as go

py.init_notebook_mode(connected=True)

trace=go.Bar(
    x=[1,2],
    y=[1,2],
    marker=dict(
        color=["#FF0000", "#00FF00"],
    )
)
data=[trace]
py.iplot(data)

5.9 填充区域图

#%%writefile D:\填充区域图.py
import plotly.offline as py
from plotly.graph_objs import Scatter, Layout
import plotly.graph_objs as go

py.init_notebook_mode(connected=True)

trace=go.Scatter(
    x=[1,2,6],
    y=[1,2, 0.5],
    fill='tonexty',
    fillcolor="red"  #那个是0
)

data=[trace]
py.iplot(data)

5.10 直方图

#%%writefile D:\直方图.py
import plotly.offline as py
from plotly.graph_objs import Scatter, Layout
import plotly.graph_objs as go

py.init_notebook_mode(connected=True)

trace=go.Histogram(
    x=[1,2,3,3,3,4,5],
    marker=dict(
        color=['red', "blue", "green"]
    )
)
data = [trace]
py.iplot(data)

5.11 世界地图

#%%writefile D:\地图.py
import plotly.offline as py
from plotly.graph_objs import Scatter, Layout
import plotly.graph_objs as go

py.init_notebook_mode(connected=True)

trace=go.Scattergeo(
    lon=[100,400],
    lat=[0,0],
    marker=dict(
        color=['red', 'blue'],
        size=[30,50]
    ),
    mode="markers"
)

data=[trace]
py.iplot(data)

5.12 3D图

#%%writefile D:\3D图.py
import plotly.offline as py
from plotly.graph_objs import Scatter, Layout
import plotly.graph_objs as go

py.init_notebook_mode(connected=True)

trace = go.Surface(
    colorscale='Viridis',
    z=[
        [3,5,8,13],
        [21,13,8,5]
    ]
)
data=[trace]
py.iplot(data)

5.13 箱型图

#%%writefile D:\箱型图.py
import plotly.offline as py
from plotly.graph_objs import Scatter, Layout
import plotly.graph_objs as go

py.init_notebook_mode(connected=True)

trace=go.Box(
    x=[1,2,3,3,4,5,10]
)
data=[trace]
py.iplot(data)

plotly库的功能很强大，画出来的图不仅精美还数据全面。非常适合拿来画地图。