SCI论文写作的时态用法

0 摘要(Abstract):

一般情况下,研究背景,实验目的,论文结论,采用一般现在时。实验方法,结果及发现,采用过去时。

举几个栗子:
研究背景:A method to select non-responders as early as possible isessential for preventing unnecessary toxicity.
实验方法:Human breast cancer cells were injected into nude rats.
实验结果:A new in vivo breast cancer model was successfully established.
论文结论:The present study suggests that …
有些杂志也会专门有些比较“特别”的要求,比如Cell,要求Abstract全部使用一般现在时。

1 前言(Introduction):

这部分用到的时态很多变,不能一概而论。

以作者为主语,阐述曾经的研究结果,如果该研究结果仍然正确,则谓语动词用过去时,从句中仍使用一般现在时。

比如:Poliseno et al. recently proposed that the high sequence homologyenables pseudogenes to compete with their parental genes for a shared pool of common miRNAs.

研究背景描述的如果是经典原理,事实,或目前为止最前沿的结果,作者写论文时仍认为是正确的(即使是曾经发生的),用一般现在时。

比如:CircRNAs are recently identified as a naturally occurring family of noncoding RNAs that is highly represented in the eukaryotic transcriptome.

描述已经完成的事,强调 “曾经”,目前为止对此持肯定态度,用现在完成时。

比如:A large number of circRNAs have been successfully identified in various cell lines and across different species.

曾经的研究,其结果现在为止仍然正确,则一句话中可以既有完成时,也有一般现在时。

比如:Recent studies have shown that exon circularization is facilitated by complementary sequences and regulated by specific protein factors.

曾经的研究,但已经过时或失效,作者怀疑其正确性,或要否定其正确性时,用过去时或过去完成时。

比如:Nevertheless, these species had generally been considered to be of low abundance and likely representing errors in splicing.

2 材料与方法(Materials and methods):描述写论文之前作者所做的工作,用一般过去时

比如:The proliferation of Huh-7, HCT-116, HeLa cells was tested by CCK-8 kit.
这部分一般时态变化比较少,没什么争议。

3 结果(Results):描述自己的研究结果,因其发生于写作之前,用过去时。

比如:In total, 67,358 distinct circRNA candidates were found in these tissues and 27,296 of these circRNAs contained at least two unique back-spliced reads.

但是,单纯描述结果呈现形式(图或表),或直接用图或表作为主语时,因为是写作当时发生的事,所以使用一般现在时。

比如:A detailed summary for each sample is provided in Supplementary Table 1.

Figure 1 shows the mean spectra for the original data.

4 讨论:对此次研究结果的总结,用过去时。

比如:In this study, we identified lincRNA-p21 as a key regulator of cell proliferation and apoptosis.

对Results部分的结果描述进行更深入的分析和讨论,阐述结果的意义,用一般现在时。

比如:However, certain circRNAs are predominately expressed in one gene locus and present at substantial levels that suggest these species arepurposefully produced.

5 结论:强调过去的研究成果采用过去时,表达将来的研究方向或研究前景用将来时。

比如,In conclusion, our study provided a portrayal of circRNAs in different human normal and cancerous tissues.

阐述自己研究成果的意义用一般现在时。

比如,Taken together, these lines of evidence reveal a new level of diversity in the transcriptome and their regulation in human cells.

提出研究前景或将来的研究方向用将来时,这部分也可能出现在Discussion中。

比如,It will be interesting to explore whether lincRNA-p21 can interact with epigenetic factors

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